Longqiang Wang1, Zhe Lei, Xia Liu, Rengyun Liu, Hongtao Zhang. 1. Soochow University Laboratory of Cancer Molecular Genetics, Medical college of Soochow University, Suzhou Key Laboratory for Molecular Cancer Genetic, Suzhou 215123, China.
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: TIF1γ (transcription intermediary factor 1 gamma), which belongs to transcription intermediary factor 1 family, is an inhibitor of the TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway and could inhibit the signal transduction mediated by TGF-β. The deficiency of TIF1γ expression in a variety of tumor cells suggests that TIF1γ may play as a tumor suppressor gene in cancer development. The aim of this study is to confirm the relationship between TIF1γ and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) through exploring the expression of TIF1γ in NSCLC cells and tissues, and investigate the regulation mechanism of TIF1γ expression in NSCLC cells. METHODS: Thirteen NSCLC and the paired corresponding para-cancerous lung tissue samples and three cell lines (a normal bronchial epithelial cell line HBE and two NSCLC cell lines A549 and 95C) were selected. The quantitative real-time PCR and Western blotting were used to determine the expression of TIF1γ, and ImageJ was used to evaluate the relative expression of TIF1γ. Direct sequencing was performed to detect mutations within the promoter region of the TIF1γ gene and then Bisulfite-sequencing PCR (BSP) and cloning sequencing were carried out to test the methylation status of the promoter region of TIF1γ gene in the selected cell lines. RESULTS: Both mRNA and protein expression of TIF1γ were found significantly decreased in A549 and 95C compared with those in HBE (P<0.05). And in 9 pairs (69.2%) of tissues among the 13 pairs, the mRNA expression of TIF1γ gene was lower in the cancer tissues than that in the paired paracancerous lung tissues (P<0.05). No abnormal mutation was found in the -287 to -5 region of the promoter of TIF1γ gene in the three cell lines. Moreover, five CpG sites (including -214 bp,-128 bp,-124 bp, -65 bp and -55 bp) were detected in the promoter of TIF1γ gene by using BSP, and the methylation profiles in these CpG sites showed similar pattern between NSCLC cells and HBE cells. CONCLUSIONS: TIF1γ may play a tumor suppressor role in the progression of NSCLC. No mutation was found in the -287- -5 region of the promoter of TIF1γ gene in a normal bronchial epithelial cell line and two NSCLC cell lines. But there are five CpG sites which can be methylated located in this region.
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: TIF1γ (transcription intermediary factor 1 gamma), which belongs to transcription intermediary factor 1 family, is an inhibitor of the TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway and could inhibit the signal transduction mediated by TGF-β. The deficiency of TIF1γ expression in a variety of tumor cells suggests that TIF1γ may play as a tumor suppressor gene in cancer development. The aim of this study is to confirm the relationship between TIF1γ and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) through exploring the expression of TIF1γ in NSCLC cells and tissues, and investigate the regulation mechanism of TIF1γ expression in NSCLC cells. METHODS: Thirteen NSCLC and the paired corresponding para-cancerous lung tissue samples and three cell lines (a normal bronchial epithelial cell line HBE and two NSCLC cell lines A549 and 95C) were selected. The quantitative real-time PCR and Western blotting were used to determine the expression of TIF1γ, and ImageJ was used to evaluate the relative expression of TIF1γ. Direct sequencing was performed to detect mutations within the promoter region of the TIF1γ gene and then Bisulfite-sequencing PCR (BSP) and cloning sequencing were carried out to test the methylation status of the promoter region of TIF1γ gene in the selected cell lines. RESULTS: Both mRNA and protein expression of TIF1γ were found significantly decreased in A549 and 95C compared with those in HBE (P<0.05). And in 9 pairs (69.2%) of tissues among the 13 pairs, the mRNA expression of TIF1γ gene was lower in the cancer tissues than that in the paired paracancerous lung tissues (P<0.05). No abnormal mutation was found in the -287 to -5 region of the promoter of TIF1γ gene in the three cell lines. Moreover, five CpG sites (including -214 bp,-128 bp,-124 bp, -65 bp and -55 bp) were detected in the promoter of TIF1γ gene by using BSP, and the methylation profiles in these CpG sites showed similar pattern between NSCLC cells and HBE cells. CONCLUSIONS: TIF1γ may play a tumor suppressor role in the progression of NSCLC. No mutation was found in the -287- -5 region of the promoter of TIF1γ gene in a normal bronchial epithelial cell line and two NSCLC cell lines. But there are five CpG sites which can be methylated located in this region.
Expression of TIF1γ in NSCLC cell lines and NSCLC patients. A: The mRNA levels of TIF1γ and GAPDH in HBE, A549 and 95C were determined by quantitative RT-PCR; B: Representative Western blot of TIF1γ protein levels in HBE, A549 and 95C NSCLC cells; C: Relative estimation for TIF1γ expression in cell lines. ImageJ was used to evaluate the gray value of TIF1γ and GAPDH, and the ratio of TIF1γ/GAPDH was used as relative expression; D: Reletive expression of TIF1γ mRNA in human NSCLC tissues (T) and their paired normal lung tissue (N), each pair obtained from the same patient. NSCLC: non-small cell lung cancer.
NSCLC细胞株和患者中TIF1γ的表达。A:实时定量PCR法检测HBE、A549和95C细胞中TIF1γ mRNA水平的表达;B:Western blot检测HBE、A549和95C细胞中TIF1γ蛋白的表达;C:用ImageJ灰度扫描软件计算TIF1γ和GAPDH的表达,并用TIF1γ/GAPDH的值作为TIF1γ的相对表达量;D:实时定量PCR法检测13对非小细胞肺癌组织与癌旁组织中TIF1γ mRNA的表达,每对癌组织与癌旁组织均取自同一个体。Expression of TIF1γ in NSCLC cell lines and NSCLCpatients. A: The mRNA levels of TIF1γ and GAPDH in HBE, A549 and 95C were determined by quantitative RT-PCR; B: Representative Western blot of TIF1γ protein levels in HBE, A549 and 95C NSCLC cells; C: Relative estimation for TIF1γ expression in cell lines. ImageJ was used to evaluate the gray value of TIF1γ and GAPDH, and the ratio of TIF1γ/GAPDH was used as relative expression; D: Reletive expression of TIF1γ mRNA in humanNSCLC tissues (T) and their paired normal lung tissue (N), each pair obtained from the same patient. NSCLC: non-small cell lung cancer.
Methylation status of TIF1γ promoter. A: The distribution of CpG sites in the -287 to -5 region of TIF1γ promoter; B: Schematic representative of BSP for the promoter region from site -287 to -5 bp of the TIF1γ gene. Black arrow: methylated CpG sites; C: Results of methylated CpG sites in the -287 to -5 region of TIF1γ promoter in HBE, A549 and 95C cells by BSP-based sequencing; ●: methylated CpG site; ○: Unmethylated CpG site.
TIF1γ基因启动子甲基化状态。A:TIF1γ基因-287至-5区域CpG位点分布图;B:TIF1γ基因-287至-5区域BSP测序代表图。黑色箭头:甲基化的CpG位点;C:HBE、A549和95C细胞中TIF1γ基因启动子-287至-5区域经BSP测序甲基化的CpG位点结果;●:甲基化的CpG位点;○:非甲基化的CpG位点。Methylation status of TIF1γ promoter. A: The distribution of CpG sites in the -287 to -5 region of TIF1γ promoter; B: Schematic representative of BSP for the promoter region from site -287 to -5 bp of the TIF1γ gene. Black arrow: methylated CpG sites; C: Results of methylated CpG sites in the -287 to -5 region of TIF1γ promoter in HBE, A549 and 95C cells by BSP-based sequencing; ●: methylated CpG site; ○: Unmethylated CpG site.
TIF1γ基因启动子区突变分析
通过PCR法扩增TIF1γ基因启动子区DNA序列,然后直接测序。经检测,未见突变发生(图 3)。
3
HBE、A549和95C细胞中TIF1γ基因启动子-287至-5区域直接测序图。
Schematic representative of direct sequencing for the promoter region from site -287 bp to -5 bp of the TIF1γ gene in HBE, A549 and 95C cells.
HBE、A549和95C细胞中TIF1γ基因启动子-287至-5区域直接测序图。Schematic representative of direct sequencing for the promoter region from site -287 bp to -5 bp of the TIF1γ gene in HBE, A549 and 95C cells.
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