Jerilyn K Allen1, Cheryl R Dennison Himmelfarb, Sarah L Szanton, Kevin D Frick. 1. Jerilyn K. Allen, RN, ScD, FAAN M Adelaide Nutting Professor of Nursing, Public Health and Medicine and Associate Dean for Research, School of Nursing, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland. Cheryl R. Dennison Himmelfarb, RN, ANP, PhD, FAAN Associate Professor, School of Nursing and Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland. Sarah L. Szanton, PhD, CRNP Associate Professor, School of Nursing, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland. Kevin D. Frick, PhD, MA Professor, Bloomberg School of Public Health and School of Nursing, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Although evidence-based guidelines on the management of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and type 2 diabetes have been widely published, implementation of recommended therapies is suboptimal. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of a comprehensive program of CVD risk reduction delivered by nurse practitioner/community health worker (NP/CHW) teams versus enhanced usual care to improve lipids, blood pressure (BP), and hemoglobin (Hb) A1c levels in patients in urban community health centers. METHODS: A total of 525 patients with documented CVD, type 2 diabetes, hypercholesterolemia, or hypertension and levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, BP, or Hb A1c that exceeded goals established by national guidelines were randomized to NP/CHW (n = 261) or enhanced usual care (n = 264) groups. Cost-effectiveness ratios were calculated, determining costs per percent and unit change in the primary outcomes. RESULTS: The mean incremental total cost per patient (NP/CHW and physician) was only $627 (confidence interval, 248-1015). The cost-effectiveness of the 1-year intervention was $157 for every 1% drop in systolic BP and $190 for every 1% drop in diastolic BP, $149 per 1% drop in Hb A1c, and $40 per 1% drop in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. CONCLUSIONS: The findings suggest that management by an NP/CHW team is a cost-effective approach for community health centers to consider in improving the care of patients with existing CVD or at high risk for the development of CVD.
RCT Entities:
BACKGROUND: Although evidence-based guidelines on the management of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and type 2 diabetes have been widely published, implementation of recommended therapies is suboptimal. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of a comprehensive program of CVD risk reduction delivered by nurse practitioner/community health worker (NP/CHW) teams versus enhanced usual care to improve lipids, blood pressure (BP), and hemoglobin (Hb) A1c levels in patients in urban community health centers. METHODS: A total of 525 patients with documented CVD, type 2 diabetes, hypercholesterolemia, or hypertension and levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, BP, or Hb A1c that exceeded goals established by national guidelines were randomized to NP/CHW (n = 261) or enhanced usual care (n = 264) groups. Cost-effectiveness ratios were calculated, determining costs per percent and unit change in the primary outcomes. RESULTS: The mean incremental total cost per patient (NP/CHW and physician) was only $627 (confidence interval, 248-1015). The cost-effectiveness of the 1-year intervention was $157 for every 1% drop in systolic BP and $190 for every 1% drop in diastolic BP, $149 per 1% drop in Hb A1c, and $40 per 1% drop in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. CONCLUSIONS: The findings suggest that management by an NP/CHW team is a cost-effective approach for community health centers to consider in improving the care of patients with existing CVD or at high risk for the development of CVD.
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