Deoxynivalenol and 3-acetyldeoxynivalenol and Fusarium species in winter triticale.

Fusarium species infecting heads of Triticale and mycotoxins presence in infected kernels and chaff were studied during two seasons. The most important species observed on infected heads were in 1986F. avenaceum (39%),F. nivale (21%),F. culmorum (20%),F. graminearum (14%), and others (6%). In 1987 after long and snowy winterF. nivale dominated (64%), followed byF. avenaceum (24%),F. culmorum (6%), andF. graminearum (5%).The mycotoxins deoxynivalenol (DON) and 3-acetyl DON were present in all 11 subsamples of kernels from heads infected byF. culmorum and/orF. Graminearum (1.6-16.4 mg and 0.7-2.4mg/kg, respectively). Chaff from the same subsamples contained 9.9-33.2mg/kg of DON and 5.2-16.0mg/kg of 3-AcDON. Kernels with visibleFusarium-damage contained 2.4-31.2 mg/kg of DON and 1.2-6.0 mg/kg of 3-AcDON. Remaining part of kernels without symptoms of visibleFusarium-damage contained only DON in an amount of 0.9-5.9 mg/kg.