STUDY OBJECTIVES: Several studies have assessed the association between midday nap and cardiovascular outcomes and reported heterogenous results. Concern exists that confounding might have distorted these results and contributed to discrepancies among them. This study prospectively examines the association between midday nap habits and the occurrence of coronary artery disease in a non-Mediterranean population. PARTICIPANTS: The baseline examination of 4,123 participants aged 45-75 years. MEASUREMENTS: Measurements included interviews, physical examinations, laboratory tests, and electron beam computed tomography. We studied the influence of midday nap habits on risk of coronary artery disease. We adjusted for several potential confounders including measures of subclinical atherosclerosis-such as coronary calcium score and ankle brachial index-at baseline. Cardiac events during a median follow-up of 8.1 years were defined as nonfatal myocardial infarction and sudden cardiac death. RESULTS: Overall, 135 of 4,123 subjects (3.3%) either suffered from acute myocardial infarction (81 subjects) or died due to a sudden cardiac death (54 subjects) during follow-up. After adjustment for several confounders including measures of subclinical atherosclerosis, regular long (> 60 min) midday nap was associated with an increased hazard ratio of cardiac events (hazard ratio 2.12, 95% confidence interval 1.11-4.05). CONCLUSIONS: As our detailed confounder analyses showed, confounding is not the sole explanation for this finding. Future research on midday naps should focus on biological mechanisms that may be responsible for increasing the risk of coronary artery disease among subjects taking regular long midday naps.
STUDY OBJECTIVES: Several studies have assessed the association between midday nap and cardiovascular outcomes and reported heterogenous results. Concern exists that confounding might have distorted these results and contributed to discrepancies among them. This study prospectively examines the association between midday nap habits and the occurrence of coronary artery disease in a non-Mediterranean population. PARTICIPANTS: The baseline examination of 4,123 participants aged 45-75 years. MEASUREMENTS: Measurements included interviews, physical examinations, laboratory tests, and electron beam computed tomography. We studied the influence of midday nap habits on risk of coronary artery disease. We adjusted for several potential confounders including measures of subclinical atherosclerosis-such as coronary calcium score and ankle brachial index-at baseline. Cardiac events during a median follow-up of 8.1 years were defined as nonfatal myocardial infarction and sudden cardiac death. RESULTS: Overall, 135 of 4,123 subjects (3.3%) either suffered from acute myocardial infarction (81 subjects) or died due to a sudden cardiac death (54 subjects) during follow-up. After adjustment for several confounders including measures of subclinical atherosclerosis, regular long (> 60 min) midday nap was associated with an increased hazard ratio of cardiac events (hazard ratio 2.12, 95% confidence interval 1.11-4.05). CONCLUSIONS: As our detailed confounder analyses showed, confounding is not the sole explanation for this finding. Future research on midday naps should focus on biological mechanisms that may be responsible for increasing the risk of coronary artery disease among subjects taking regular long midday naps.
Authors: Axel Schmermund; Stefan Möhlenkamp; Andreas Stang; Dietrich Grönemeyer; Rainer Seibel; Herbert Hirche; Klaus Mann; Winfried Siffert; Karl Lauterbach; Johannes Siegrist; Karl-Heinz Jöckel; Raimund Erbel Journal: Am Heart J Date: 2002-08 Impact factor: 4.749
Authors: Raimund Erbel; Stefan Möhlenkamp; Susanne Moebus; Axel Schmermund; Nils Lehmann; Andreas Stang; Nico Dragano; Dietrich Grönemeyer; Rainer Seibel; Hagen Kälsch; Martina Bröcker-Preuss; Klaus Mann; Johannes Siegrist; Karl-Heinz Jöckel Journal: J Am Coll Cardiol Date: 2010-10-19 Impact factor: 24.094
Authors: Christine M Harden; Paul E Peppard; Mari Palta; Jodi H Barnet; Lauren Hale; F Javier Nieto; Erika W Hagen Journal: Sleep Health Date: 2019-11-11