Role of transrectal ultrasonography in prostate cancer.

Transrectal ultrasound and ultrasound guided prostate biopsy is the current standard for detecting prostate cancer. Newer techniques such as elastography and contrast enhanced ultrasound may help in lesion detection and monitoring. Advances are occurring in several areas including multiparametric MRI, understanding of the nature of prostate cancer and new therapies including focal therapy and active surveillance. These changes are creating an increasing role for targeted biopsies following MRI and for use of MRI for treatment monitoring.