Antioxidant and antiapoptotic effects of proanthocyanidin and ginkgo biloba extract against doxorubicin-induced cardiac injury in rats.

Grape seed proanthocyanidins (GSPE) and ginkgo biloba extract (EGb761) are considered to have protective effects against several diseases. The cardiotoxicity of doxorubicin (DOX) has been reported to be associated with oxidative damage. This study was conducted to evaluate the cardioprotective effects of GSPE and EGb761 against DOX-induced heart injury in rats. DOX was administered as a single i.p. dose (20 mg kg(-1)) to adult male rats. DOX-intoxicated rats were orally administered GSPE (200 mg kg(-1)  day(-1)) or EGb761 (100 mg kg(-1)  day(-1)) for 15 consecutive days, starting 10 days prior DOX injection. DOX-induced cardiotoxicity was evidenced by a significant increase in serum aspartate transaminase (AST), creatine phosphokinase isoenzyme (CK-MB), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), total cholesterol (TC) and triglyceride (TG) activities and levels. Increased oxidative damage was expressed by the depletion of cardiac reduced glutathione (GSH), elevation of cardiac total antioxidant (TAO) level and accumulation of the lipid peroxidation product, malondialdehyde (MDA). Significant rises in cardiac tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and caspase-3 levels were noticed in DOX-intoxicated rats. These changes were ameliorated in the GSPE and EGb761-treated groups. Histopathological analysis confirmed the cardioprotective effects of GSPE and EGb761. In conclusion, GSPE and EGb761 mediate their protective effect against DOX-induced cardiac injury through antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antiapoptotic mechanisms.