Sexual health and gynecological cancer: conceptualizing patient needs and overcoming barriers to seeking and accessing services.

OBJECTIVE: The current study explored the subjective experiences of women treated for a gynecological cancer, with a focus on filling gaps in the current literature. Topics explored were: (1) women's own definitions of healthy sexuality; (2) services desired to meet needs; and (3) barriers to participation in sexual health-related services.
METHODS: Fifteen women participated in a one-on-one, semistructured interview. Data collection and analysis were based on guidelines of interpretive description.
RESULTS: Definitions of healthy sexuality included emotional intimacy, body image, sexual self-schema, and sexual response. Unmet sexual needs were reported when women's current sexual experiences did not correspond with their subjective perceptions of healthy sexuality. Most women desired informational services, delivered one-on-one or through written material. Younger women often did not utilize services due to practical barriers and emotional avoidance, while older women reported that shyness and stigma discouraged them from discussing sexuality with their health care team.
CONCLUSIONS: In order to understand patient needs and desire for help, health care providers should assess current sexual health and patient perceptions of healthy sexuality. To increase effectiveness of distress screening and treatment interventions, potential barriers must be evaluated and addressed.