Lasso peptides: structure, function, biosynthesis, and engineering.

Lasso peptides are a class of ribosomally-synthesized and posttranslationally-modified natural products with diverse bioactivities. This review describes the structure and function of all known lasso peptides (as of mid-2012) and covers our current knowledge about the biosynthesis of those molecules. The isolation and characterization of lasso peptides are also covered as are bioinformatics strategies for the discovery of new lasso peptides from genomic sequence data. Several studies on the engineering of new or improved function into lasso peptides are highlighted, and unanswered questions in the field are also described.