BACKGROUND: Although dietary recommendations have focused on restricting saturated fat (SF) consumption to reduce cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk, evidence from prospective studies has not supported a strong link between total SF intake and CVD events. An understanding of whether food sources of SF influence these relations may provide new insights. OBJECTIVE: We investigated the association of SF consumption from different food sources and the incidence of CVD events in a multiethnic population. DESIGN: Participants who were 45-84 y old at baseline (n = 5209) were followed from 2000 to 2010. Diet was assessed by using a 120-item food-frequency questionnaire. CVD incidence (316 cases) was assessed during follow-up visits. RESULTS: After adjustment for demographics, lifestyle, and dietary confounders, a higher intake of dairy SF was associated with lower CVD risk [HR (95% CI) for +5 g/d and +5% of energy from dairy SF: 0.79 (0.68, 0.92) and 0.62 (0.47, 0.82), respectively]. In contrast, a higher intake of meat SF was associated with greater CVD risk [HR (95% CI) for +5 g/d and a +5% of energy from meat SF: 1.26 (1.02, 1.54) and 1.48 (0.98, 2.23), respectively]. The substitution of 2% of energy from meat SF with energy from dairy SF was associated with a 25% lower CVD risk [HR (95% CI): 0.75 (0.63, 0.91)]. No associations were observed between plant or butter SF and CVD risk, but ranges of intakes were narrow. CONCLUSION: Associations of SF with health may depend on food-specific fatty acids or other nutrient constituents in foods that contain SF, in addition to SF.
BACKGROUND: Although dietary recommendations have focused on restricting saturated fat (SF) consumption to reduce cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk, evidence from prospective studies has not supported a strong link between total SF intake and CVD events. An understanding of whether food sources of SF influence these relations may provide new insights. OBJECTIVE: We investigated the association of SF consumption from different food sources and the incidence of CVD events in a multiethnic population. DESIGN:Participants who were 45-84 y old at baseline (n = 5209) were followed from 2000 to 2010. Diet was assessed by using a 120-item food-frequency questionnaire. CVD incidence (316 cases) was assessed during follow-up visits. RESULTS: After adjustment for demographics, lifestyle, and dietary confounders, a higher intake of dairy SF was associated with lower CVD risk [HR (95% CI) for +5 g/d and +5% of energy from dairy SF: 0.79 (0.68, 0.92) and 0.62 (0.47, 0.82), respectively]. In contrast, a higher intake of meat SF was associated with greater CVD risk [HR (95% CI) for +5 g/d and a +5% of energy from meat SF: 1.26 (1.02, 1.54) and 1.48 (0.98, 2.23), respectively]. The substitution of 2% of energy from meat SF with energy from dairy SF was associated with a 25% lower CVD risk [HR (95% CI): 0.75 (0.63, 0.91)]. No associations were observed between plant or butter SF and CVD risk, but ranges of intakes were narrow. CONCLUSION: Associations of SF with health may depend on food-specific fatty acids or other nutrient constituents in foods that contain SF, in addition to SF.
Authors: F B Hu; M J Stampfer; J E Manson; A Ascherio; G A Colditz; F E Speizer; C H Hennekens; W C Willett Journal: Am J Clin Nutr Date: 1999-12 Impact factor: 7.045
Authors: Dariush Mozaffarian; Haiming Cao; Irena B King; Rozenn N Lemaitre; Xiaoling Song; David S Siscovick; Gökhan S Hotamisligil Journal: Ann Intern Med Date: 2010-12-21 Impact factor: 25.391
Authors: E J Mayer-Davis; M Z Vitolins; S L Carmichael; S Hemphill; G Tsaroucha; J Rushing; S Levin Journal: Ann Epidemiol Date: 1999-07 Impact factor: 3.797
Authors: Sabita S Soedamah-Muthu; Eric L Ding; Wael K Al-Delaimy; Frank B Hu; Marielle F Engberink; Walter C Willett; Johanna M Geleijnse Journal: Am J Clin Nutr Date: 2010-11-10 Impact factor: 7.045
Authors: Diane E Bild; David A Bluemke; Gregory L Burke; Robert Detrano; Ana V Diez Roux; Aaron R Folsom; Philip Greenland; David R Jacob; Richard Kronmal; Kiang Liu; Jennifer Clark Nelson; Daniel O'Leary; Mohammed F Saad; Steven Shea; Moyses Szklo; Russell P Tracy Journal: Am J Epidemiol Date: 2002-11-01 Impact factor: 4.897
Authors: Fabiola M Del Razo Olvera; Marco A Melgarejo Hernández; Roopa Mehta; Carlos A Aguilar Salinas Journal: Adv Nutr Date: 2017-01-17 Impact factor: 8.701
Authors: A J Wanders; M Alssema; E J P de Koning; S le Cessie; J H de Vries; P L Zock; F R Rosendaal; M den Heijer; R de Mutsert Journal: Eur J Clin Nutr Date: 2016-11-09 Impact factor: 4.016
Authors: Michael D Hu; Kaitlyn G Lawrence; Mark R Bodkin; Richard K Kwok; Lawrence S Engel; Dale P Sandler Journal: Am J Epidemiol Date: 2021-02-01 Impact factor: 4.897
Authors: Michael Miller; John D Sorkin; Laura Mastella; Aimee Sutherland; Jeffrey Rhyne; Patrick Donnelly; Kathy Simpson; Andrew P Goldberg Journal: J Clin Lipidol Date: 2016-05-06 Impact factor: 4.766
Authors: Jaike Praagman; Linda E T Vissers; Angela A Mulligan; Anne Sofie Dam Laursen; Joline W J Beulens; Yvonne T van der Schouw; Nicholas J Wareham; Camilla Plambeck Hansen; Kay-Tee Khaw; Marianne Uhre Jakobsen; Ivonne Sluijs Journal: Int J Cardiol Date: 2018-10-22 Impact factor: 4.164