Matched comparison of robotic-assisted and open radical cystectomy.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate our initial robotic-assisted radical cystectomy (RARC) experience compared with a robust open radical cystectomy (ORC) series performed at a single institution using a matched-pair analysis. Although early results suggest that RARC is safe, with favorable perioperative and early oncologic outcomes, limited data exist comparing ORC and RARC.
METHODS: RARC and ORC patients were identified through a prospectively maintained institutional review board-approved bladder cancer database. RARC and ORC cases performed from September 2007 to November 2010 were matched 1:2 by age, sex, urinary diversion, and clinical stage. The perioperative, complication, and pathologic outcomes were compared.
RESULTS: A total of 50 RARC and 100 ORC cases were reviewed, with a median follow-up of 8 and 13.5 months, respectively. No differences in the demographic parameters were present between the 2 groups. RARC was associated with a significantly decreased median estimated blood loss (350 vs 475 mL) and 30-day transfusion rate (2% vs 24%) but with longer operative times (454.9 vs 349.1 minutes). No difference was found in the rate of 30-day minor or major Clavien complications, length of stay, or 30-day readmissions between groups. The 90-day mortality rate was 3% versus 0% for ORC and RARC, respectively. No difference in the final pathologic findings, number of lymph nodes removed, or margin status was identified.
CONCLUSION: Early experience with RARC compared with a robust ORC experience demonstrated similar perioperative and pathologic outcomes. Continued experience with RARC has the potential to bring improved perioperative results.