CONTEXT: Platelets have significant roles in initiating and mediating reduced alveolar blood flow, microvascular leak, and ventilation/perfusion mismatch caused by metabolic changes and altered signal transduction caused by ischemia-reperfusion. OBJECTIVE: This review focuses on platelet mechanisms of vascular dysfunction in the lung and presents a hypothesis for interplay between platelet activation, endothelial damage and fibrinogen. The purpose is to discuss current knowledge regarding mechanisms of platelet-mediated endothelial injury and implications for new strategies to treat vascular dysfunction associated with acute lung injury (ALI). METHODS: Literature from a number of fields was searched using Medline and Google Scholar. RESULTS: Activated platelets contribute to redox imbalance through reactive oxygen species production, pro-leak molecules such as PAF and serotonin, and recruitment of inflammatory cytokines and leukocytes to the damaged endothelium. CONCLUSION: Platelets are a critical component of pulmonary ALI, acting in conjunction with fibrinogen to mediate endothelial damage through multiple signal transduction pathways.
CONTEXT: Platelets have significant roles in initiating and mediating reduced alveolar blood flow, microvascular leak, and ventilation/perfusion mismatch caused by metabolic changes and altered signal transduction caused by ischemia-reperfusion. OBJECTIVE: This review focuses on platelet mechanisms of vascular dysfunction in the lung and presents a hypothesis for interplay between platelet activation, endothelial damage and fibrinogen. The purpose is to discuss current knowledge regarding mechanisms of platelet-mediated endothelial injury and implications for new strategies to treat vascular dysfunction associated with acute lung injury (ALI). METHODS: Literature from a number of fields was searched using Medline and Google Scholar. RESULTS: Activated platelets contribute to redox imbalance through reactive oxygen species production, pro-leak molecules such as PAF and serotonin, and recruitment of inflammatory cytokines and leukocytes to the damaged endothelium. CONCLUSION: Platelets are a critical component of pulmonary ALI, acting in conjunction with fibrinogen to mediate endothelial damage through multiple signal transduction pathways.
Authors: Yongyue Wei; Zhaoxi Wang; Li Su; Feng Chen; Paula Tejera; Ednan K Bajwa; Mark M Wurfel; Xihong Lin; David C Christiani Journal: Chest Date: 2015-03 Impact factor: 9.410
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