BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) such as gefitinib and erlotinib show promising therapeutic effects in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, despite an initial response to EGFR-TKIs treatment among responsive patients, most inevitably acquire resistance after a progression-free period of about 10 months. The percentage of T790M in TKI acquired-resistant patients in most studies is around 50%. The aim of this study is to assess the effects of the sequential administration of docetaxel and gefitinib on cell proliferation and apoptosis of lung adenocarcinoma cell H1975. METHODS: An MTT assay was used to measure cell proliferation. The potency of the sequential administration of docetaxel and gefitinib were determined by isobolograms and combination index (CI). Cell apoptosis and cycle distribution were determined by flow cytometry. The Hoechst 33258 method was used to observe the apoptotic morphology. Chemical colorimetric luminescence was used to measure the caspase activity. RESULTS: The isobolograms and CI showed that the sequential administration of docetaxel following gefitinib remarkably inhibits cell proliferation and cell apoptosis compared with other sequential administration models. The cycle distribution results indicate that sequential docetaxel administration following gefitinib blocked the cells in the G₂/M phase but not in the G0/G1. The activation of the Caspase-8/Caspase-3 cascade is mainly involved in the apoptotic pathway of lung adenocarcinoma cell H1975 in all sequential administration models. CONCLUSIONS: The docetaxel administration following gefitinib might be a new stratagy for lung cancer with T790M mutation after having EGFR-TKIs resistance.
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) such as gefitinib and erlotinib show promising therapeutic effects in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, despite an initial response to EGFR-TKIs treatment among responsive patients, most inevitably acquire resistance after a progression-free period of about 10 months. The percentage of T790M in TKI acquired-resistant patients in most studies is around 50%. The aim of this study is to assess the effects of the sequential administration of docetaxel and gefitinib on cell proliferation and apoptosis of lung adenocarcinoma cell H1975. METHODS: An MTT assay was used to measure cell proliferation. The potency of the sequential administration of docetaxel and gefitinib were determined by isobolograms and combination index (CI). Cell apoptosis and cycle distribution were determined by flow cytometry. The Hoechst 33258 method was used to observe the apoptotic morphology. Chemical colorimetric luminescence was used to measure the caspase activity. RESULTS: The isobolograms and CI showed that the sequential administration of docetaxel following gefitinib remarkably inhibits cell proliferation and cell apoptosis compared with other sequential administration models. The cycle distribution results indicate that sequential docetaxel administration following gefitinib blocked the cells in the G₂/M phase but not in the G0/G1. The activation of the Caspase-8/Caspase-3 cascade is mainly involved in the apoptotic pathway of lung adenocarcinoma cell H1975 in all sequential administration models. CONCLUSIONS: The docetaxel administration following gefitinib might be a new stratagy for lung cancer with T790M mutation after having EGFR-TKIs resistance.
等效线图法的原理图Schematic representation of an isobologram三条模型线由模型Ⅰ、模型Ⅱ围成一个区域,以吉非替尼和多西他赛的疗效曲线为基础,图中三条等效线围成的阴影区域为相加作用,当Pa落在此区域的左边时,则存在协同作用;当Pb落在阴影区域时则存在相加作用;当Pc、Pd落在此区域右边时,则存在弱相加作用或拮抗作用。需要指出的是,在大多数情况下,以上4个点都同时落在三条模型线围成的区域的左边或区域内或区域的右边。少数情况下如果这4个点不是落在同一个区域内,则用Wilcoxon符号轶和检验进行统计,以判断协同、相加或拮抗作用。由等效线模型Ⅰ(实线)和Ⅱ(虚线)围成的区域为相加作用区域,模型线由吉非替尼和多西他赛的量效曲线构成。在H1975细胞株的等效线图中,横坐标和纵坐标的数值1分别代表导致80%细胞生长抑制的吉非替尼或多西他赛单药浓度。时序给药点Pa、Pb、Pc以及Pd分别表示协同、相加、弱相加或拮抗作用。
Schedule dependence of the interaction between gefitinib and docetaxel in H1975. A: Pretreated with docetaxel 24 h, followed by gefitinib for 48 h; B: Treated concomitantly with gefitinib and docetaxel for 48 h and incubated in drug-free medium for 24 h; C: Pretreated with gefitinib 48 h, followed by docetaxel for 24 h. The survival rate are show on ordinate, the concentrations of docetaxel and gefitinib are shown on the abscissa. The concentrations unit is μmol/L. 0, squares; 2.5, circles; 5, uptriangles; 10, plus; 20, cross; 40, downtriangles. Data are the meanvalues for three independent experiments; SE was < 20%. DG: docetaxel followed by gefitinib; D+G: gefitinib plus docetaxel; GD: gefitinib followed by docetaxel.
吉非替尼和多西他赛在H1975细胞株中的时序依赖关系。A:多西他赛24 h后吉非替尼48 h;B:多西他赛联合吉非替尼48 h序贯24 h不含药完全培养基;C:吉非替尼48 h序贯多西他赛24 h。纵坐标代表细胞存活率,横坐标代表多西他赛和吉非替尼浓度配比,浓度单位为μmol/L(□为0、○为2.5、Δ为5.0、+为10、×为20、▽为40)。数据为3次独立实验的平均值;标准差 < 20%。DG:多西他赛序贯吉非替尼;D+G:多西他赛联合吉非替尼;GD:吉非替尼联合多西他赛。Schedule dependence of the interaction between gefitinib and docetaxel in H1975. A: Pretreated with docetaxel 24 h, followed by gefitinib for 48 h; B: Treated concomitantly with gefitinib and docetaxel for 48 h and incubated in drug-free medium for 24 h; C: Pretreated with gefitinib 48 h, followed by docetaxel for 24 h. The survival rate are show on ordinate, the concentrations of docetaxel and gefitinib are shown on the abscissa. The concentrations unit is μmol/L. 0, squares; 2.5, circles; 5, uptriangles; 10, plus; 20, cross; 40, downtriangles. Data are the meanvalues for three independent experiments; SE was < 20%. DG: docetaxel followed by gefitinib; D+G: gefitinib plus docetaxel; GD: gefitinib followed by docetaxel.纵坐标显示的是H1975的存活率,横坐标对应的是多西他赛和吉非替尼的浓度配比。依据3种给药模型中两药单药量效曲线可进一步绘制IC80下不同方案等效线图从而评价模型之间的优劣。同时可以进行3种模型联合用药指数CI的分析。
Isobologram of docetaxel in combination with gefitinib. A: Pretreated with docetaxel 24 h, followed by gefitinib for 48 h; B: Treated concomitantly with gefitinib and docetaxel for 48 h and incubated in drug-free medium for 24 h; C: Pretreated with gefitinib 48 h, followed by docetaxel for 24 h. Data are the mean values for three independent experiments.
1
多西他赛序贯吉非替尼组的联合用药指数结果
The result of CI to pretreated with docetaxel followed by gefitinib
多西他赛与吉非替尼时序作用下的等效线图。A:多西他赛24 h后吉非替尼48 h;B:多西他赛联合吉非替尼48 h序贯24 h不含药完全培养基;C:吉非替尼48 h序贯多西他赛24 h。数据为3次独立实验的平均值。Isobologram of docetaxel in combination with gefitinib. A: Pretreated with docetaxel 24 h, followed by gefitinib for 48 h; B: Treated concomitantly with gefitinib and docetaxel for 48 h and incubated in drug-free medium for 24 h; C: Pretreated with gefitinib 48 h, followed by docetaxel for 24 h. Data are the mean values for three independent experiments.多西他赛序贯吉非替尼组的联合用药指数结果The result of CI to pretreated with docetaxel followed by gefitinib
The result of CI to treated pretreated with gefitinib followed by docetaxel
40
20
10
5
2.5
0.012
1.59
1.68
1.89
1.88
2.11
0.006
1.59
1.65
1.74
1.72
2.00
0.003
1.76
1.61
1.75
1.69
2.09
0.001, 5
1.84
1.82
1.96
1.83
2.07
0.000, 75
1.94
1.87
2.03
1.90
2.16
Average
1.74
1.73
1.87
1.80
2.09
2
多西他赛联合吉非替尼的联合用药指数结果
The result of CI to treated gefitinib combination with docetaxel
40
20
10
5
2.5
0.012
0.98
0.98
1.10
1.33
1.72
0.006
0.85
0.85
1.05
1.15
1.52
0.003
1.04
0.88
1.08
0.99
1.33
0.001, 5
1.16
0.90
1.10
1.08
1.34
0.000, 75
1.46
1.00
1.09
1.08
1.26
Average
1.10
0.92
1.05
0.93
1.03
多西他赛联合吉非替尼的联合用药指数结果The result of CI to treated gefitinib combination with docetaxel吉非替尼序贯多西他赛的联合用药指数结果The result of CI to treated pretreated with gefitinib followed by docetaxel
The effects of docetaxel and gefitinib alone and in the sequential exposure schedules for 72 h on cell apoptosis of H1975. A: N: Without treatment; D: docetaxel alone; G: gefitinib alone. After trypsinized, cells were stained with annexin Ⅴ/7-AAD and detected by flow cytometry; B: Relative apoptosis levels to control. *: compare to DG group, P < 0.05; #: compare to D group, P < 0.05; C: The apoptosis of H1975 in dealing with different methods after 72 h. Independent experiments are repeated 3 times.
多西他赛和吉非替尼单药或序贯作用72 h诱导的H1975凋亡。A:N:正常培养;D:多西他赛单药;G:吉非替尼单药。胰酶消化,Annexin Ⅴ/7-AAD固定流式检测;B:与正常培养组对比其它组的凋亡率。*:与DG组比较,P < 0.05;#:与D组比较,P < 0.05;C:不同方法处理72 h后H1975凋亡形态改变。实验重复3次。The effects of docetaxel and gefitinib alone and in the sequential exposure schedules for 72 h on cell apoptosis of H1975. A: N: Without treatment; D: docetaxel alone; G: gefitinib alone. After trypsinized, cells were stained with annexin Ⅴ/7-AAD and detected by flow cytometry; B: Relative apoptosis levels to control. *: compare to DG group, P < 0.05; #: compare to D group, P < 0.05; C: The apoptosis of H1975 in dealing with different methods after 72 h. Independent experiments are repeated 3 times.
Cell cycle distribution of H1975 cells exposed to gefitinib and docetaxel in different sequences. A: After trypsinized, cells were stained with PI and detected by flow cytometry; B: Relative cell cycle distribution levels to control. *: compare to DG and D groups, P < 0.05; #: compare to G and GD groups, P < 0.05. Data are the mean values for three independent experiments.
吉非替尼与多西他赛联合作用于H1975细胞时的细胞周期分布。A:胰酶消化,PI单染固定流式检测。B:与正常培养组对比,其它组的周期分布。*:与D和DG组比较,P < 0.05;#:与G和GD组比较,P < 0.05。数据为3次独立实验的平均值。Cell cycle distribution of H1975 cells exposed to gefitinib and docetaxel in different sequences. A: After trypsinized, cells were stained with PI and detected by flow cytometry; B: Relative cell cycle distribution levels to control. *: compare to DG and D groups, P < 0.05; #: compare to G and GD groups, P < 0.05. Data are the mean values for three independent experiments.
The activities of Caspases to gefitinib and docetaxel in different sequences. *: compare to DG group, P < 0.05; #: compare to D group, P < 0.05. Data are the mean values for three independent experiments.
吉非替尼与多西他赛联合下Caspases的活化情况。*:与DG组比较,P < 0.05;#:与D组比较,P < 0.05。数据为3次独立实验的平均值。The activities of Caspases to gefitinib and docetaxel in different sequences. *: compare to DG group, P < 0.05; #: compare to D group, P < 0.05. Data are the mean values for three independent experiments.
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