Xinyu Zhang1, Guiyang Liu2, Hao Liu1, Tao Ma1. 1. Department of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233000, China. 2. Department of Pharmacy, the Affiliated Hospital of Chinese PLA Hospital, Beijing 100853, China.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) show promising therapeutic effects in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, despite an initial response to TKIs treatment among responsive patients, most inevitably acquire resistance after a progression-free period of about 10 months. The percentage of T790M in TKI acquired-resistant patients in most studies is around 50%. The aim of this study is to assess the effects of the sequential administration of triptolide and geftinib on cell proliferation and apoptosis of lung adenocarcinoma cell H1975. METHODS: A MTT assay was used to measure cell proliferation. The potency of the sequential administration of triptolide and geftinib were determined by isobolograms and combination index (CI). Cell apoptosis and cycle distribution were detected by flow cytometry. The Hoechst 33258 method was used to observe the apoptotic morphology. Chemical colorimetric luminescence was used to measure the caspase activity. RESULTS: The results of isobolograms and CI showed that the sequential administration of triptolide following geftinib remarkably inhibited cell proliferation and cell apoptosis compared with other sequential administration models. The cycle distribution results indicated that sequential triptolide administration following geftinib blocked the cells in the G2/M phase but not in the G0/G1 phase. The activation of the Caspase-9/Caspase-3 cascade was mainly involved in the apoptotic pathway of lung adenocarcinoma cell H1975 in all sequential administration models. CONCLUSIONS: The triptolide administration following geftinib might be a new therapeutic strategy for lung cancer with T790M mutation after having EGFR-TKIs resistance. .
BACKGROUND:Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) show promising therapeutic effects in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, despite an initial response to TKIs treatment among responsive patients, most inevitably acquire resistance after a progression-free period of about 10 months. The percentage of T790M in TKI acquired-resistant patients in most studies is around 50%. The aim of this study is to assess the effects of the sequential administration of triptolide and geftinib on cell proliferation and apoptosis of lung adenocarcinoma cell H1975. METHODS: A MTT assay was used to measure cell proliferation. The potency of the sequential administration of triptolide and geftinib were determined by isobolograms and combination index (CI). Cell apoptosis and cycle distribution were detected by flow cytometry. The Hoechst 33258 method was used to observe the apoptotic morphology. Chemical colorimetric luminescence was used to measure the caspase activity. RESULTS: The results of isobolograms and CI showed that the sequential administration of triptolide following geftinib remarkably inhibited cell proliferation and cell apoptosis compared with other sequential administration models. The cycle distribution results indicated that sequential triptolide administration following geftinib blocked the cells in the G2/M phase but not in the G0/G1 phase. The activation of the Caspase-9/Caspase-3 cascade was mainly involved in the apoptotic pathway of lung adenocarcinoma cell H1975 in all sequential administration models. CONCLUSIONS: The triptolide administration following geftinib might be a new therapeutic strategy for lung cancer with T790M mutation after having EGFR-TKIs resistance. .
Schedule dependence of the interaction between Gefitinib and Triptolide in H1975 (n=3).A:Pretreated with triptolide 24 h, followed by gefitinib for 48 h; B:Treated concomitantly with gefitinib and triptolide for 48 h and incubated in drug-free medium for 24 h; C:Pretreated with gefitinib 48 h, followed by triptolide for 24 h.TG:Triptolide followed by Gefitinib; T+G:Triptolide plus Gefitinib; GT:Gefitinib followed by Triptolide.
吉非替尼和雷公藤甲素在H1975细胞株中的时序依赖关系(n=3)。A:雷公藤甲素24 h后吉非替尼48 h; B:雷公藤甲素联合吉非替尼48 h序贯24 h不含药完全培养基; C:吉非替尼48 h序贯雷公藤甲素24 h。Schedule dependence of the interaction between Gefitinib and Triptolide in H1975 (n=3).A:Pretreated with triptolide 24 h, followed by gefitinib for 48 h; B:Treated concomitantly with gefitinib and triptolide for 48 h and incubated in drug-free medium for 24 h; C:Pretreated with gefitinib 48 h, followed by triptolide for 24 h.TG:Triptolide followed by Gefitinib; T+G:Triptolide plus Gefitinib; GT:Gefitinib followed by Triptolide.
Isobologram of triptolide in combination with gefitinib (n=3).A:Pre-treated with triptolide 24 h, followed by gefitinib for 48 h; B:Treated concomitantly with gefitinib and triptolide for 48 h and incubated in drug-free medium for 24 h; C:Pretreated with gefitinib 48 h, followed by triptolide for 24 h.
1
雷公藤甲素序贯吉非替尼组的联合用药指数结果
The result of CI to pretreated with triptolide followed by gefitinib
雷公藤甲素和吉非替尼单药或序贯作用72 h诱导的H1975凋亡(n=3)。A:N:正常培养; T:雷公藤甲素单药; G:吉非替尼单药; TG:雷公藤甲素序贯吉非替尼; T+G:雷公藤甲素联合吉非替尼; GT:吉非替尼序贯雷公藤甲素。B:与正常培养组对比其他组的凋亡率。#:与T/TG组比较, P < 0.05。
The effects of triptolide and gefitinib alone and in the sequential exposure schedules for 72 h on cell apoptosis of H1975 (n=3).A:N:Without treatment; T:Triptolide alone; G:Gefitinib alone; TG:Triptolide followed by Gefitinib; T+G:Triptolide plus Gefitinib; GT:Gefitinib followed by Triptolide.B:Relative apoptosis levels to control.#:Compared with T/TG group, P < 0.05.
雷公藤甲素与吉非替尼时序作用下的等效线图(n=3)。A:雷公藤甲素24 h后吉非替尼48 h; B:雷公藤甲素联合吉非替尼48 h序贯24 h不含药完全培养基; C:吉非替尼48 h序贯雷公藤甲素24 h。数据为3次独立实验平均值。Isobologram of triptolide in combination with gefitinib (n=3).A:Pre-treated with triptolide 24 h, followed by gefitinib for 48 h; B:Treated concomitantly with gefitinib and triptolide for 48 h and incubated in drug-free medium for 24 h; C:Pretreated with gefitinib 48 h, followed by triptolide for 24 h.雷公藤甲素序贯吉非替尼组的联合用药指数结果The result of CI to pretreated with triptolide followed by gefitinib雷公藤甲素和吉非替尼单药或序贯作用72 h诱导的H1975凋亡(n=3)。A:N:正常培养; T:雷公藤甲素单药; G:吉非替尼单药; TG:雷公藤甲素序贯吉非替尼; T+G:雷公藤甲素联合吉非替尼; GT:吉非替尼序贯雷公藤甲素。B:与正常培养组对比其他组的凋亡率。#:与T/TG组比较, P < 0.05。The effects of triptolide and gefitinib alone and in the sequential exposure schedules for 72 h on cell apoptosis of H1975 (n=3).A:N:Without treatment; T:Triptolide alone; G:Gefitinib alone; TG:Triptolide followed by Gefitinib; T+G:Triptolide plus Gefitinib; GT:Gefitinib followed by Triptolide.B:Relative apoptosis levels to control.#:Compared with T/TG group, P < 0.05.
中位线效应法
对3种给药模型得到的原始数据按照联合用药指数法进行分析采用CalcuSyn软件计算联合用药的CI值, 具体结果见表 1-表 3。从CI的概念来讲, CI > 1说明药物间为拮抗作用, CI=1说明药物间为相加作用, CI < 1说明药物间为协同作用。CI值越小, 协同的效应越强烈。在实际实验中, 通常认为CI < 0.3表示强烈协同效应, 0.3 < CI < 0.7为中度协同效应, 0.7 CI < 1.0为较弱的协同效应。表 1结果显示大部分值小于1, 在吉非替尼低剂量的组别中个别值接近1或略高于1, 说明雷公藤甲素序贯吉非替尼组主要表现为强协同或中度协同作用。表 2结果显示大部分结果在1附近, 在吉非替尼低剂量组别高于1的现象, 说明雷公藤甲素联合吉非替尼主要表现为相加作用。表 3结果显示大部分值远远超过1, 表示吉非替尼序贯雷公藤甲素主要表现为拮抗作用。
3
吉非替尼序贯雷公藤甲素的联合用药指数结果
The result of CI to pretreated with gefitinb followed by triptolide
40
15
10
5
2.5
6.25
1.39
1.48
1.59
1.82
1.93
12.5
1.35
1.35
1.55
1.62
1.82
25
1.58
1.47
1.85
1.78
1.80
50
1.84
1.70
1.90
2.06
2.22
100
1.88
1.76
1.92
2.15
2.26
Average
1.61
1.55
1.76
1.89
2.01
2
雷公藤甲素联合吉非替尼的联合用药指数结果
The result of CI to treated gefitinib combination with triptolide
40
15
10
5
2.5
6.25
0.89
0.93
0.98
1.09
1.13
12.5
0.92
0.87
1.01
0.96
1.09
25
1.07
0.91
1.23
1.04
0.99
50
1.13
0.94
1.08
1.12
1.21
100
1.24
1.07
1.17
1.28
1.32
Average
1.05
0.94
1.10
1.09
1.15
雷公藤甲素联合吉非替尼的联合用药指数结果The result of CI to treated gefitinib combination with triptolide吉非替尼序贯雷公藤甲素的联合用药指数结果The result of CI to pretreated with gefitinb followed by triptolide
The apoptosis of H1975 in dealing with different methods after 72 h (n=3).The red arrow refers to apoptotic cells.
不同方法处理72 h后H1975凋亡形态改变(n=3)。红色箭头所指为凋亡细胞The apoptosis of H1975 in dealing with different methods after 72 h (n=3).The red arrow refers to apoptotic cells.
吉非替尼与雷公藤甲素联合作用于H1975细胞时的细胞周期分布(n=3)。与正常培养组对比其他组的周期分布。#:与GT/G组比较, P < 0.05。*:与T/TG组比较, P < 0.05。
Cell cycle distribution of H1975 cells exposed to gefitinib and triptolide in different sequences (n=3).Relative cell cycle distribution levels to control.#:Compared with GT/G group, P < 0.05;*:Compared with T/TG group, P < 0.05.
吉非替尼与雷公藤甲素联合作用于H1975细胞时的细胞周期分布(n=3)。与正常培养组对比其他组的周期分布。#:与GT/G组比较, P < 0.05。*:与T/TG组比较, P < 0.05。Cell cycle distribution of H1975 cells exposed to gefitinib and triptolide in different sequences (n=3).Relative cell cycle distribution levels to control.#:Compared with GT/G group, P < 0.05;*:Compared with T/TG group, P < 0.05.
吉非替尼与雷公藤甲素联合下Caspase的活化情况(n=3)。*:与T/TG组比较, P < 0.05。#:与T/TG组比较, P < 0.05。
The activities of caspases to gefitinib and triptolide in different sequences (n=3).*:Compared with T/TG group, P < 0.05;#:Compared with T/TG group, P < 0.05.
吉非替尼与雷公藤甲素联合下Caspase的活化情况(n=3)。*:与T/TG组比较, P < 0.05。#:与T/TG组比较, P < 0.05。The activities of caspases to gefitinib and triptolide in different sequences (n=3).*:Compared with T/TG group, P < 0.05;#:Compared with T/TG group, P < 0.05.
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