Platelet activating factor enhances in vitro fertilization of rabbit oocytes.

Capacitation of spermatozoa is essential for fertilization. Rabbit spermatozoa are particularly difficult to capacitate in vitro and require treatment with high-ionic-strength Brackett's defined medium. Spermatozoa treated with platelet activating factor had significantly higher fertilization rates when compared with nontreated (fresh, twice washed) spermatozoa (63% vs 34%). Fertilization rates of spermatozoa treated with platelet activating factor, although higher than those of high-ionic-strength capacitated spermatozoa, were not significantly different (63% vs 57%). Spermatozoa treated with lyso-platelet activating factor, the biologically inactive form of platelet activating factor, were noted to have fertilization rates similar to those of the untreated (noncapacitated) group. These data show that synthetic platelet activating factor treatment of uncapacitated spermatozoa induces fertilization of rabbit oocytes in vitro in a manner similar to that for spermatozoa capacitated by high-ionic-strength media and significantly higher than that for untreated spermatozoa or after treatment with the biologically inactive form of platelet activating factor (lyso-platelet activating factor).