BACKGROUND: The United States (U.S.) approved use of federal funds for needle and syringe programs (NSPs) in December 2009. This study compares syringe disposal practices in a U.S. city with NSPs to a U.S. city without NSPs by examining the prevalence of improperly discarded syringes in public places and the self-reported syringe disposal practices of injection drug users (IDUs) in the two cities. METHODS: We conducted visual inspection walkthroughs in a random sample of the top-quartile of drug-affected neighborhoods in San Francisco, California (a city with NSPs) and Miami, Florida (a city without NSPs). We also conducted quantitative interviews with adult IDUs in San Francisco (N=602) and Miami (N=448). RESULTS: In the visual inspections, we found 44 syringes/1000 census blocks in San Francisco, and 371 syringes/1000 census blocks in Miami. Survey results showed that in San Francisco 13% of syringes IDUs reported using in the 30 days preceding the study interviews were disposed of improperly versus 95% of syringes by IDUs in Miami. In multivariable logistic regression analysis, IDUs in Miami had over 34 times the adjusted odds of public syringe disposal relative to IDUs in San Francisco (adjusted odds ratio=34.2, 95% CI=21.92, 53.47). CONCLUSIONS: We found eight-fold more improperly disposed syringes on walkthroughs in the city without NSPs compared to the city with NSPs, which was corroborated by survey data. NSPs may help IDUs dispose of their syringes safely in cities with large numbers of IDUs.
BACKGROUND: The United States (U.S.) approved use of federal funds for needle and syringe programs (NSPs) in December 2009. This study compares syringe disposal practices in a U.S. city with NSPs to a U.S. city without NSPs by examining the prevalence of improperly discarded syringes in public places and the self-reported syringe disposal practices of injection drug users (IDUs) in the two cities. METHODS: We conducted visual inspection walkthroughs in a random sample of the top-quartile of drug-affected neighborhoods in San Francisco, California (a city with NSPs) and Miami, Florida (a city without NSPs). We also conducted quantitative interviews with adult IDUs in San Francisco (N=602) and Miami (N=448). RESULTS: In the visual inspections, we found 44 syringes/1000 census blocks in San Francisco, and 371 syringes/1000 census blocks in Miami. Survey results showed that in San Francisco 13% of syringes IDUs reported using in the 30 days preceding the study interviews were disposed of improperly versus 95% of syringes by IDUs in Miami. In multivariable logistic regression analysis, IDUs in Miami had over 34 times the adjusted odds of public syringe disposal relative to IDUs in San Francisco (adjusted odds ratio=34.2, 95% CI=21.92, 53.47). CONCLUSIONS: We found eight-fold more improperly disposed syringes on walkthroughs in the city without NSPs compared to the city with NSPs, which was corroborated by survey data. NSPs may help IDUs dispose of their syringes safely in cities with large numbers of IDUs.
Authors: Samuel R Friedman; Barbara Tempalski; Hannah Cooper; Theresa Perlis; Marie Keem; Risa Friedman; Peter L Flom Journal: J Urban Health Date: 2004-09 Impact factor: 3.671
Authors: D Panagiotoglou; M Olding; B Enns; D J Feaster; C Del Rio; L R Metsch; R M Granich; S A Strathdee; B D L Marshall; M R Golden; S Shoptaw; B R Schackman; B Nosyk Journal: AIDS Behav Date: 2018-09
Authors: Harry Levine; Tyler S Bartholomew; Victoria Rea-Wilson; Jason Onugha; David Jonathon Arriola; Gabriel Cardenas; David W Forrest; Alex H Kral; Lisa R Metsch; Emma Spencer; Hansel Tookes Journal: Drug Alcohol Depend Date: 2019-06-29 Impact factor: 4.492
Authors: Hansel Tookes; Tyler S Bartholomew; Shana Geary; James Matthias; Karalee Poschman; Carina Blackmore; Celeste Philip; Edward Suarez; David W Forrest; Allan E Rodriguez; Michael A Kolber; Felicia Knaul; Leah Colucci; Emma Spencer Journal: AIDS Behav Date: 2020-01