Additions and corrections to the check list of the Noctuoidea (Insecta, Lepidoptera) of North America north of Mexico.

A total of 115 additions and corrections are listed and discussed for the check list of the Noctuoidea of North America north of Mexico published in 2010. Thirty-two of these are changes in authorship and/or date of publication or spelling. Taxonomic changes are 33 new or revised synonymies, three new combinations, and six revisions in status from synonymy to valid species.

Introduction

Continuing work on the check list of Noctuoidea of North America north of Mexico has resulted in 115 changes to the list published last year (Lafontaine and Schmidt 2010). About one-third of these (32) are corrections in date, authorship or spelling, but the majority is the result from continuing taxonomic work in comparing species and generic concepts with type material and examination of genital characters. Sixteen species are added to the fauna: two were omitted previously; six were described PageBreakin the past year; five are newly reported from the United States, and three are former synonyms now recognized as valid species. Thirty species are deleted from the fauna through synonymy or re-identification, reducing the total number of species to 3679 (down from 3693).

Materials and methods

Repository abbreviations

Taxonomic changes are based on examination of material, especially type specimens, in the following collections:

BMNH

The Natural History Museum [statutorialy: British Museum (Natural History)], London, UK

CNC

Canadian National Collection of Insects, Arachnids, and Nematodes, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada

FMNH

The Field Museum, Chicago, Illinois, USA

ODA

Oregon Department of Agriculture, Salem, Oregon, USA

TLSRC

Texas Lepidoptera Survey Research Collection, Houston, Texas, USA

USNM

National Museum of Natural History [formerly, United States National Museum], Washington, District of Columbia, USA

ZMHB

Museum für Naturkunde der Humboldt-Universität, Berlin, Germany

Results

Corrections, additions, and changes (highlighted in bold)

p. 2 & p. 14 Subfamily Lymantriinae Hampson

Tribe [after Tribe Leucomini]

p. 3 & p. 39 Subfamily Eulepidotinae Grote, 1895

p. 3 & p. 39 Tribe Eulepidotini Grote, 1895

p. 4 & p. 64 Subfamily Agaristinae Boisduval, 1833

930067 (Cramer, [1780])

930125 packardii (Morrison, 1875)

930126

syn.

930126.1

ssp.

930130 (Barnes, 1901)

930139 annulata (Guérin-Méneville, 1844)

930370.1

930496.1

930582 Walker, 1859

930613 (Cramer, [1777])

930615 (Cramer, [1777])

930617 (Stoll, [1780])

930627 (Stoll, [1781])

930633 (Stoll, [1780])

930638.5

930641 (Smith, 1903)

syn.

930758 (Cramer, [1777])

930792 (Cramer, [1775])

930822 Brower, 1976

930845 (Cramer, [1779])

930853 Grote, 1864

930864 (Cramer, [1780])

930880 (Guenée, 1852)

syn.

930924 (Cramer, [1780])

930951 (Hübner, [1831])

syn.

syn.

syn.

syn.

930954 (Hübner, [1831])

930957 similis (Guenée, 1852)

930958 consobrina (Guenée, 1852)

syn.

930959 smithii (Guenée, 1852)

930960 telma (Sullivan, 2010)

930994 (Stoll, [1781])

931004 (Grote, 1883)

syn.

931049 (Walker, [1858])

syn.

931069.1

931069.2

931084 of authors, not (Cramer, [1780])

931086 (Cramer, [1780])

931138

syn.

syn.

=

931255 (Cramer, [1780])

931314 (Hübner, [1831])

931329 (Grote, 1875)

931392 (Fabricius, 1794)

syn.

931426 Hampson, 1909

931427 (Grote, 1883)

931434.1

931434.2

931450 of authors, not Schaus, 1894

931467 Morrison, 1874

931611 Grote, 1882

syn.

931617 Barnes & McDunnough, 1910

syn.

931636.1

931663.1

931725.1

syn.

931993 (Morrison, 1875)

syn.

931994.1

931997 (Walker, 1856)

syn.

932006 (Schaus, 1906)

syn.

932011 (Smith, 1894)

syn.

932014 (Cramer, [1779])

932087.1

932135.1

932154.1

932222 (Stoll, [1780])

932223 (Stoll, [1781])

932239.5

932249.50 (Guenée, 1852)

932249.51 Grote, 1881

syn.

932328 Mikkola & Lafontaine, 2009

932709 Grote, 1873

ssp. Grote, 1883

syn.

932711 Smith, 1908

932819 Grote, 1883

syn.

932832 inconcinna(Smith, [1888])

syn.

syn.

syn.

932836 (Smith, 1904)

syn.

932847 (Grote, 1883)

syn.

932849 Smith, 1893

syn.

932880 (Walker, [1857])

syn.

932909 ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775)

933009 Crabo & Lafontaine, 2009

933017 (Grote, 1875)

syn.

933062 (Grote, 1876)

syn.

933093.1 euxoiformis (Barnes & McDunnough, 1913)

933105 (Morrison, 1874)

syn.

933121 Smith, [1888]

syn.

933128 (Guenée, 1852)

syn.

syn.

933143 “” noverca (Grote, 1878)

syn. “

syn. “

933156.1 “” accurata (H. Edwards, 1882)

933169 (Grote, 1877)

syn.

syn.

syn.

syn.

933210 (Grote, 1863)

syn.

933210.1

933280 Crabo & Fauske, 2004

ssp.

ssp.

ssp.

933282 McDunnough, 1932

ssp. McDunnough, 1932

933308 (Eversmann, 1842)

ssp. (Dyar, 1904)

933596 (Hübner, [1813])

ssp. (Benjamin, 1933)

Notes

p. 2 & p. 14 Subfamily – This tribe should be added to the check list for the Old World genus Hübner, [1819]. was listed in error in the tribe Leucomini.

p. 3 & p. 39 Subfamily – The year of publication is 1895, not 1985.

p. 3 & p. 39 Tribe – The year of publication is 1895, not 1985.

p. 4 & p. 64 Subfamily – The author and year are Boisduval, 1833, not Herrich-Schäffer, [1858].

930067 – The year of publication was deduced through external sources, so it should be shown in brackets. See note under 930617.

930125 New combination from Metzler and Knudson (2011).

930126 This species was previously misidentified in North America as , a species described from Cuba (Metzler and Knudson 2011).

930126.1 Populations of occurring in south-central United States are segregated as a separate subspecies from the nominate form in Central America (Metzler and Knudson 2011).

930130 The species name was misspelled as sauvis in both Franclemont and Todd (1983) and in Lafontaine and Schmidt (2010).

930139 This new generic combination was created when Miller (2009) synonymized the genus Walker, 1863 with Walker, 1854.

930370.1 The presence of this species in southern Texas has previously been overlooked, since it resembles washed-out specimens of . It is currently known only from Big Bend NP, Brewster Co., TX (specimens in Canadian National Collection and Texas Lepidoptera Survey Collection).

930496.1 Addition (see Wagner and McCabe 2011).

930582 – The species name was misspelled as degasalis in Lafontaine and Schmidt (2010) and Franclemont and Todd (1983).

930613 See note under 930617.

930615 See note under 930617.

930617 The author of this species is Casper Stoll, who finished the last part of Pieter Cramer’s work after Cramer’s death, so the names arePageBreak credited to Stoll. The title pages of the first two volumes of Pieter Cramer’s work are dated 1779, but were actually published in a series of parts between 1775 and 1777. The last two volumes are dated 1782 but were published between 1779 and 1782 and the title pages were added later when the series was completed. The 34 issues that made up the four volumes were published between 1775 and Cramer’s death in 1776 and posthumously until 1780 by Casper Stoll. During 1780 the series was continued by Stoll and the names of the new species on plates 305 to 400 are credited to him. The dates are mostly deduced from external sources, so these should be shown in brackets. Only volume 4, pages 165 to 252 (plates 373 to 400) was actually published in 1782. The dates of publication of the 34 issues of texts and plates are taken from “AnimalBase – Early Zoological Literature On-line” maintained by the Zoological Institute of the University of Göttingen, Germany at (http://www.animalbase.uni-goettingen.de [accessed September 2011]).

930627 See note under 930617.

930633 See note under 930617.

930638.5 – A specimen of this mainly Mexican species from Texas is in USNM with labels “Victoria, TX” “JD Mitchell Coll.” Ed Knudson (pers. comm.) provided additional information: “Joseph Daniel Mitchell was a pioneer biologist in Texas (1848–1922). He lived in Victoria TX from 1891 to about 1920 and was known for collecting insects, mollusks, etc. No doubt the specimen is genuine.”

930641 (Hampson, 1926), syn. n. [formerly # 930642], is a form of in which the dark streak along the middle of the forewing is greatly reduced.

930758 See note under 930617.

930792 See note under 930617.

930822 – A nominate subspecies is listed for , but currently no other subspecies are recognized so the subspecies entry should be deleted.

930845 – See note under 930617.

930853 The correct original spelling is , not clintoni.

930864 See note under 930617.

930880 The name (Harvey, 1875) is a synonym of (Guenée, 1852), syn. n., not a synonym of (Walker, 1858).

930924 See note under 930617.

930951 The year of publication was deduced through external sources, so it should be shown in brackets. Synonymy with [formerly # 930947], [formerly # 930948], [formerly # 930949], and [formerly # 930950] from Sullivan and Lafontaine 2011.

930954 The year of publication was deduced through external sources, so it should be shown in brackets.

930957 Generic combination from Sullivan and LeGrain 2011.

930958 Generic combination and synonymy with from Sullivan and LeGrain 2011.

930959 Generic combination from Sullivan and LeGrain 2011.

930960 Generic combination from Sullivan and LeGrain 2011.

930994 See note under 930617.

931004 The name , syn. n. [formerly # 931005], represents a dark form of in which the forewing is mainly blackish brown with pale shading in the costal area and along the outer margin. The type specimens in AMNH (paresa) and USNM (umbrina) were both examined.

931049 This revised synonymy, proposed by Schmidt 2010, was omitted from the check list.

931069.1 This species was inadvertently omitted from the 2010 check list. It was included in the 1983 MONA list (Franclemont and Todd 1983) on the basis of a report of the specimen from Texas published by Grote (1879) and discussed by Todd (1961). A recent specimen from Mission, Texas, 11 November 2002, by Leroy Koehn is in the TLSRC. A full report of the occurrence of this species and the next () is being prepared by Ed Knudson and associates.

931069.2 A specimen of thisspecies was collected at Mission, Texas, 17 October 2011, by Mike Rickard. The specimen is deposited in the TLSRC.

931084 See note under 930617.

931086 See note under 930617.

931138 Dyar, 1898, stat. rev., was described from California and occurs from southern California to southern Texas. It is consistently different in wing markings from Druce, 1897, from Jalapa, Mexico, such as the presence of a black patch along the base of the forewing costa that is absent from , so we treat as a valid species. Dyar, 1898, syn. rev. [Type locality: Phoenix, Arizona], is revised from the synonymy of to the synonymy of .The holotype of (Hampson, 1900), syn. rev. [formerly # 931134], is a badly rubbed specimen of ; both names are based on southern Californian material.

931255 See note under 930617.

931314 The year of publication was deduced through external sources, so it should be shown in brackets.

931329 The year of publication is 1875, not 1975.

931392 The name Fabricius, 1798, has until recently been assigned to the Tortricidae as an unrecognized name. The typePageBreak specimen has now been located in the Zoological Museum, University of Copenhagen, Denmark (ZMUC). Fabricius, 1798, syn. n., is a synonym of (and a form of) Fabricius, 1794. The species is currently known as (Fabricius, 1794) and the synonym is (Fabricius, 1798), comb. n. The type locality was originally given as ‘Habitat Kiliae’ [Kiel in northern Germany], so this should be corrected to “the Americas.” [Contributed by Ole Karsholt and Don Lafontaine].

931426 – The author and year are Hampson, 1909, not Guenée, 1852.

931427 The author and year are Grote, 1883, not Guenée, 1852.

931434.1 Nearly identical externally to and some populations of , and all three taxa were treated as conspecific by Lafontaine and Schmidt (2010). Additional study of specimens from key geographic areas, and re-examination of the type material, reveals that , stat. rev., is a valid species and our previous concepts of the taxa were erroneously based on geographic variants of .

931434.2 Eastern Great Plains populations are nearly identical externally to , with which it previously was treated as conspecific by Lafontaine and Schmidt (2010). As noted under 931434.1, , stat. rev.,is distinct from .

931450 – The species recorded in Arizona is an undescribed species related to . is known only from Mexico.

931467 The year of publication is 1874, not 1974.

931611 , syn. n. [formerly # 931614] is a new synonym of following Robert Poole (Noctuidae of North America – http://www.nearctica.com/moths/noctuid/noctuidae.htm) [accessed September 2011] [Contributed by Robert Poole].

931617 , syn. n. [formerly # 931616] is a new synonym of following Robert Poole (Noctuidae of North America – http://www.nearctica.com/moths/noctuid/noctuidae.htm) [accessed September 2011] [Contributed by Robert Poole].

931636.1 Addition (see Metzler and Forbes 2011a in references).

931663.1 Specimens of thisspecies have recently been found in Sunnyside Canyon, Huachuca Mountains, Arizona by Bruce Walsh. We tentatively retain the species in Grote following Poole (1989). It differs from , and all other Stririini, in having a frontal tubercle with a large central carina projecting out like a shark fin; the vesica has a large, spined, subbasal diverticulum, and the clasper is very long and thin, projecting more than half way across the valve. For these reasons we place the species in the list at the end of . The identity of the species was confirmed by Robert Poole.

931725.1 (Druce, 1889), stat. rev., previously was treated as a subspecies of Grote, 1883, by Franclemont and Todd (1983)PageBreak, but differs in wing markings, male genitalia, and the shape of the frontal process. has a clear-yellow forewing with tiny triangular costal dots and the outer margin of the frontal process is wavy, convex centrally and concave near the lateral margins. occurs in two color forms, one yellow and the other a dull yellowish brown. It differs from in that the forewing has larger, more diffuse dark spots, the outer margin of the frontal process is evenly convex, and the DNA barcode is more than 4 % different from that of . This taxon previously was treated as a form of ssp. procida (Druce, 1889), but is now treated as a synonym of ( (Dyar, 1912), syn. n.). The name nepotica represents the darker yellowish-brown form of . The male genitalia, shape of the frontal process, and DNA barcode are like those of the typical form of .

931993 , syn. n. [formerly # 932009] is a new junior synonym of following Robert Poole (Noctuidae of North America – http://www.nearctica.com/moths/noctuid/noctuidae.htm) [accessed September 2011] [Contributed by Robert Poole].

931994.1 This mainly Mexican species is reported from Arizona by Robert Poole (Noctuidae of North America – http://www.nearctica.com/moths/noctuid/noctuidae.htm [accessed September 2011]). It is related to (Grote, 1880), but the forewing of has more black shading and the white speckling is more extensive, especially on the reniform spot and subterminal line. The genitalia of the two species also differ. [Contributed by Robert Poole].

931997 , syn. n. [formerly # 932000], is newly synonymized with to follow Robert Poole (Noctuidae of North America – http://www.nearctica.com/moths/noctuid/noctuidae.htm [accessed September 2011]). The unique holotype is lost, but the original description best fits that of . [Contributed by Robert Poole].

932006 , syn. n. [formerly # 932006] is synonymized with following Robert Poole (Noctuidae of North America – http://www.nearctica.com/moths/noctuid/noctuidae.htm). [Contributed by Robert Poole].

932011 – The holotype of, syn. n. [formerly # 932012], in the USNM is an unusually pale specimen of . It is not clear if the specimen is naturally pale or is bleached from being exposed to too much light.

932014 See note under 930617.

932087.1 Addition (see Osborne 2010).

932135.1 Addition (see Pogue 2010).

932154.1 Addition (see Metzler and Forbes 2011b).

932222 See note under 930617.

932223 See note under 930617.

932239.5 Inadvertently omitted from Lafontaine and Schmidt 2010. For description, see Ferris and Lafontaine (2010).

932249.50, 932249.51 This genus belongs in the tribe Elaphriini. It has the divided sacculus and weakened area on the costa of the valve (e.g., see Lafontaine et al. 2010). With the move in position, the numbers of the two species change from 932713 and 932714 to 932249.50 and 932249.51.

932249.51 , syn. n. [formerly # 932715],is a synonym of . The external characters (blackish in lower medial area, white dot by pm line, blackish basal area, black wedges on inner margin of subterminal line) are all variable and occur in varying combinations throughout. In the genitalia, the width of the tegumen and the form of clasper (a divided process versus a V-shaped sclerite), also are variable and both forms of clasper occur in the ruperti form (including the type series) and the typical sensilis form. A distinctive Florida form has a different barcode and may be a separate species, but structural characters are variable - just like in sensilis/ruperti.

932328 The correct spelling of the specific name is not tahoensis.

932681 – See the correction to Note 506 for this species below.

932386 “ – This species was returned to its longstanding position in the Hübner group of genera by Lafontaine and Schmidt (2010), without explanation, after having been transferred to the genus by Franclemont and Todd (1983). Genital and larval characters indicate that “” divesta (Grote, 1874) belongs in the tribe Xylenini, subtribe Apameina, as does the group of genera. Grote, however, belongs in the tribe Elaphriini (see Note 932249.1 above).

932709 The correct spelling of the subspecific name is not saggiatarius. The lectotype of , syn. n. [formlerly # 932711], in AMNH is a western specimen (from Oregon) of , so the name becomes a synonym of .

932711 The name for the western counterpart of becomes , stat. rev., with the transfer of to the synonymy of . The correct spelling for the specific name is hulstii, not hulsti.

932819 The lectotype of , syn. n. [formerly # 932820], in USNM is a more maculate form of .

932832 The holotype of , comb. n. [formerly # 932861], is a senior synonym of , syn. n. [formerly # 932829], , syn. n. [formerly a subspecies of ], and , syn. n. [# 932832], The holotype of from New Mexico is a form of the species in which the reniform and medial areas are paler than other areas of the forewing. represents the more typical, evenly-colored, orange-brown form of the species. is a more northerly and westerly yellow-brown form. The placement of the species here, rather than in PageBreak, where inconcinna has previously been placed, is because the species is most closely related to and . The barcodes of populations in Alberta and British Columbia differ by less than 0.5% from those from New Mexico, whereas those of differ from those of and by more than 1.5%.

932836 – The holotype of, syn. n. [formerly # 932835], from Whitehorse, Yukon,in USNM, represents the same species as the lectotype of from Calgary, Alberta, in AMNH.

932847 The holotype of , syn. n. [formerly # 932852],from Colorado, represents the same species as from Montana.

932849 This species, described from the Argus Mountains of California, is the same species as , syn. n. [formerly # 932854], described from Glenwood Springs, Colorado. Both lectotypes are in USNM.

932880 Lafontaine and Schmidt (2010) followed Franclemont and Todd (1983) and Poole (1989) in listing Smith, 1891 [formerly # 932775], as a species of Ochsenheimer. We had overlooked the synonymy of with by McCabe (1980), but follow it here. We have examined the lectotype of in USNM and agree with the synonymy by McCabe.

932909 Note 551 on the discovery of this Eurasian species in North America should be corrected as follows. The first collections of in Oregon were made in 2003 at Dufur (Wasco Co.) [not in 2005 at The Dalles]. The species was first collected in Washington in 2008 at Stevenson (Skamania Co.). Additional vouchers are in ODA (Richard Worth, pers. comm.).

933009 The year of publication is 2009, not 2010.

933017 – The holotype of, syn. n. [formerly # 933034], in theFMNH is a typical specimen of . The type locality of is nominally Dallas, Texas, but the species has never been collected there, so the holotype could be mislabelled as to locality.

933062 – The holotype of, syn. n. [formerly # 933064],in theBMNH is a dark female of .

933093.1 – This species [formerly # 933153] is transferred from the genus McDunnough to the genus McDunnough as , comb. n. The genital characters and barcode results suggest a close relationship to (Barnes & McDunnough, 1912).

933105 The syntypes of, syn. n. [formerly # 933106], in USNMrepresent yet another form of the extremely variable species .

933121 – The holotype of, syn. n. [formerly # 933122],represents the same species as . Both holotypes are in USNM and both types are from New Mexico.

933128 – The holotype of, syn. n. [formerly # 933130], is a pale reddish specimen of from Wisconsin. The holotype of , syn. rev. [formerly # 933129], is a reddish specimen of with white dusting on the transverse lines. It was described from Long Island, New York, and was raised to species status by Franclemont and Todd (1983), presumably on the basis of the discussion in Forbes (1954) that refers to populations from Long Island and south as having two rather than one generation a year. There is nothing in the genitalia or barcode results to suggest that southern populations are specifically distinct from northern ones. The types and , are in the FMNH.

933143 “ Additional research on this species has confirmed the suggestion in Lafontaine and Schmidt (2010, note 591) that “” vauorbicularis, syn. n. [formerly # 933144], and “” delecta, syn. n. [formerly # 933145], are geographic forms of a single species. Typical “” noverca,a contrastingly-marked orange-brown form of the Great Basin and Rocky Mountains region, intergrades into the lightly-marked gray-brown forms of the Pacific Northwest (vauorbicularis) and California (delecta). Also, there are no differences in the genitalia or DNA barcodes to suggest that more than one species is involved.

933156.1 “ The species number is changed from 933154 to associate the species with “” citeria and “” emendata.

933169 Although the holotype of is lost, the details of the original description ― eyes hairy, resembling [ (Linnaeus, 1758)], but with the forewing pale yellowish white and the slender habitus of Grote, 1874 [“” defecta (Grote, 1874)] ― leave no doubt as to the identity of this species. The list of synonyms ( (Grote, 1881), syn. n. [formerly # 933167], Smith, 1902, syn. n. [formerly # 933168], Smith, 1902, syn. n., (Barnes and McDunnough, 1912), syn. n. [formerly # 933165], is due mainly to the variability of the forewing color. It varies from an even pale yellowish white to a dark orange brown; in darker forms the veins are streaked and the costa is white. There is no significant geographical variation in external appearance or genital characters that might suggest that any of the names in synonymy might represent a valid species. The species is unusual in that the male has a dark fuscous hindwing, whereas that of the female is almost white, the reverse of the usual situation in the Noctuidae. The only other species in the genus, (Grote, 1880), differs significantly in appearance and genitalia from and should probably be moved to another genus.

933210 The species known as (Cramer, [1780]) is now recognized as a species complex consisting of at least six species. This is based on genital differences found by Tim McCabe (pers. comm.) and larval differences described by Dyar (1913a, 1913b, 1919). The name for the species in eastern United States is (Type locality: Pennsylvania). This species name was used for the species by Kimball (1965), Wagner (2005) and Wagner et al. (in press). It is characterized by the black patch of scales on the forewing that completely surround the reniform and orbicular spots, the relatively small process on the inner surface of the right valve, and the larval characters described by Dyar (1913a).

933210.1 , stat. rev., a mainly Mexican species (Type locality: Mexico),) is characterized by the more broken black patch on the forewing, which forms an irregular series of dots on the outer side of the reniform spot, the much larger process on the inner surface of the right valve, and by the larval characters given by Dyar (1913b). It is known from as far north as Brownsville, Texas, but appears to be replaced by elsewhere in Texas. A specimen labeled “New Mexico” belongs to , but the occurrence of this species in the Southwest needs further confirmation.

933280 – Insert three subspecies of following Crabo and Fauske 2004.

933282 The subspecies name was misspelled as contrasa in the text and index.

933308 – Subspecies was misspelled as thantologia in the text and index.

933596 Subspecies was misspelled as apropritia in the text and index.

p. 114 Note 11 – The reference to Ferguson (1973) should be corrected to Ferguson (1978). The reference is given below.

p. 121 Note 75 – The reference to Wagner (2008) should be corrected to Wagner et al. (2008). The reference is given below.

p. 130 Note 177 – The reference to Fibiger (2009) should be corrected to Fibiger et al. (2009).

p. 132 Note 205 – The reference to Pogue (2009) should be corrected to Pogue (2009a).

p. 152 Note 497 – This note incorrectly spells , a generic synonym of , as .

p. 153 Note 506 – This note incorrectly refers to , a misspelling of .

p. 156 Note 555 – The reference to Pogue (2009) should be corrected to Pogue (2009b).

p. 160 Note 615 – The reference to Crabo et al. (2004) should be corrected to Lafontaine et al. (2004) and is given below.

p. 161 Note 642 – The reference Lafontaine and Crabo (1997) should be corrected to Crabo and Lafontaine (1997).

p. 165 Note 715 – The reference Ferguson (1963) was omitted. It is given below.