Additions and corrections to the check list of the Noctuoidea (Insecta, Lepidoptera) of North America north of Mexico.

A total of 64 additions and corrections are listed and discussed for the check list of the Noctuoidea of North America north of Mexico published in 2010. One family-group name is inserted, four are changed in rank, one is deleted, one is changed in name, and three are changed in authorship. Taxonomic changes to species are six new or revised synonymies, one new combination, and one revision in status from species to subspecies.

Introduction

Continuing work on the taxonomy and systematics of New World Noctuoidea has resulted in an additional 64 changes to the check list North American Noctuoidea (Lafontaine and Schmidt 2010), these in addition to the 96 changes published in 2011 (Lafontaine and Schmidt 2011). Eighteen species are added to the fauna, eight are removed through synonymy, and eight are name changes due to synonymy. The new total for Noctuoidea in North America north of Mexico is 3689.

Materials and methods

Repository abbreviations

Taxonomic changes are based on examination of material, especially type specimens, in the following collections:

BMNH The Natural History Museum [statutorialy: British Museum (Natural History)], London, UK

CNC Canadian National Collection of Insects, Arachnids, and Nematodes, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada

DFC David Fine Collection, Coconut Creek, Florida, USA

JKAC James K. Adams Collection, Calhoun, Georgia, USA

JTTC James T. Troubridge Collection, Selkirk, Ontario, Canada

MNHN Muséum National d’ Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France

TLSRC Texas Lepidoptera Survey Research Collection, Houston, Texas, USA

TSDC Terhune S. Dickel Collection, Anthony, Florida, USA

USNM National Museum of Natural History [formerly, United States National Museum], Washington, District of Columbia, USA

Results

Corrections, additions, and changes (highlighted in bold)

p. 3 Tribe [insert after Subfamily Boletobiinae]

p. 3 Subfamily [insert before subfamily Risobinae]

p. 3 Subfamily [insert before subfamily Nolinae]

p. 3 & p. 28 Tribe [lower subfamily name to tribal name]

p. 3 & p. 28 Tribe [lower subfamily name to tribal name]

p. 3 & p. 29 Tribe [lower subfamily name to tribal name]

p. 3 & p. 30 Subfamily [raise tribal name to subfamily name]

p. 3 & p. 37 Tribe [change Tribe Ophiusini Guenée, 1837 to Omopterini]

p. 3 & p. 39 Tribe and Tribe [delete tribal names]

p. 3 & p. 42 Collomeninae Zahiri, Lafontaine, & Schmidt, 2012 [correct authorship from Kitching and Rawlins [1998]]

p. 3 & p. 49 Subfamily change Subfamily Dilobinae to Subfamily Raphiinae]

p. 4 & p. 50 Acronictinae Harris, 1841 [correct authorship from Heinemann, 1859]

p. 5 & p. 99 Agrotina Harris, 1841 [correct authorship from Rambur, 1848]

p. 28 Tribe [insert to include species 930673 to 930692]

p. 41 Subfamily [insert before Subfamily Nolinae and renumber species as 931120.1]

p. 42 Subfamily [insert before 931147 Walker]

p. 49 Delete Subfamily Diphtherinae and 931410 (Fabricius, 1775)

930356.1

930405 (Stretch [1874])

ssp.

ssp.

930447.1

930500 (Walker, 1859)

ssp.

syn. (Grote, 1872)

ssp.

ssp.

930501 Delete. Moved to synonymy of 930500

930502 (Guenée, 1854)

syn.

syn.

syn.

930503 Delete. Moved to synonymy of 930502

930579

syn.

930608 Guenée, 1852

syn.

syn.

930609

syn.

930611.1

930621.1

930702 Delete. Moved to synonymy of 930705

930705 (Grote, 1882)

syn.

syn.

930706 Delete. Moved to synonymy of 930705

930755.1

930884

syn.

930903.1

930968.1 (Guenée, 1852)

930968.2 (Guenée, 1852)

930968.3 (Guenée, 1852)

931057Delete. Moved to 930968.1

931058 Delete. Moved to 930968.2

931059 Delete. Moved to 930968.3

931109 Delete. Moved to synonymy of 931117

931113.1

931116 Delete. North American concept moved to synonymy of 931117.1

931117 Delete. North American concept moved to synonymy of 931117

931117

syn.

syn.

931117.1

syn.

931167.1

931171.1 (Esper, 1789)

syn.

931253.1

931260.1

931931

ssp. (Aurivillius, 1890)

931965

931988.1

932006

932021.1

932023

syn. sp. not (Druce, 1890) (Lafontaine and Schmidt 2010).

932023.1

932061 nuchalis (Grote, 1878)

932368.1

932368.2

932368.3

932454 Delete. Moved to synonymy of 932455

932455 Smith, 1892

syn.

932456 (Harvey), 1876

PageBreak syn.

syn.

932462 Delete. Moved to synonymy of 932456

932463 Delete. Moved to synonymy of 932456

932631 Mustelin, 2006

932693.1

932711.1

933606

Notes

p. 3 & p. 28–29 subfamily The phylogenetic studies of the Erebidae by Zahiri et al. (2012a) showed that the subfamilies Aventiinae, Eublemminae, and Phytometrinae should be included within the subfamily Boletobiinae as tribes.

p. 3 & p. 30 Subfamily phylogenetic studies of the Erebidae by Zahiri et al. (2012a) showed that the Toxocampinishould be treated as a subfamily of the Erebidae, rather than as a tribe of the Erebinae.

p. 3 & p. 37 Tribe phylogenetic studies of the Erebidae by Zahiri et al. (2012a) showed that the tribe Ophiusini Guenée is confined to the Old World, so the tribal name for most of the New World representatives related to Hübner should be changed to tribe Omopterini. Three genera ( Guenée, Hampson, Hübner) should be transferred to the Poaphilini.

p. 3 & p. 39 Subfamily The nuclear DNA results in Zahiri et al. (2012a) showed that genera and are closely related, so the tribes Eulepidotini and Panopodini are unnecessary.The date of the Eulepidotinae was corrected from 1985 to 1895 by Lafontaine and Schmidt (2011).

p. 3 & p. 41 Subfamily The molecular results of Zahiri et al. (2012b) show that the subfamily Diphtherinae is the basal lineage of the Nolidae and so it is moved to a position as the first subfamily of the Nolidae. These results show very strong support for the monophyly of the subfamilies of the Nolidae but virtually no support for phylogenetic associations among the subfamilies, other than Diphtherinae being sister to the other subfamilies. So, we suggest no change in subfamily sequence at this time.

p. 3 & p. 42 Subfamily The molecular results of Zahiri et al. (2012b) showed that the genus Walker, and related Neotropical genera (e.g., Hampson) belong to the Eligminae and not to the Chloephorinae: Sarrothropini as previously supposed. Previous to these results the Eligminae were thought to be restricted to Asia and Australia.

p. 3 & p. 49 Subfamily Change subfamily name from Dilobinae (see Lafontaine and Schmidt 2013).

p. 4 & p. 50 Change in authorship from Schmidt and Lafontaine 2013.

p. 5 & p. 99 Change in authorship from Schmidt and Lafontaine 2013.

PageBreakp. 42 Subfamily The subfamily name was first used in a North American check list (Franclemont and Todd 1983), but without a description. This was discussed in more detail by Kitching and Rawlins [1998], but mostly from a distributional perspective and still no diagnostic characters were given that would validate the subfamily name by the rules of the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature. A formal description was given by Zahiri, Lafontaine and Schmidt (2012c).

p. 49 Subfamily Moved to Nolidae.

930356.1 This species occurs in northern Mexico (State of San Luis Potosi), and in southern Mexico from at least Chiapas to Guatemala and Costa Rica. A single specimen was collected at Alamo, Texas on 5 December 2012. Contributed by E. Knudson and C. Bordelon. Voucher in TLSRC, photograph examined.

930405 New subspecies (see Crabo et al. 2013).

930447.1 A single specimen was collected at Alamo, Texas in November of 2012. Contributed by E. Knudson and C. Bordelon. Voucher in TLSRC, photograph examined.

930500 The species is widely distributed in eastern United States and occurs as far west as Arizona. It is characterized by the burnt-orange forewing ground color that is heavily speckled with black scales. It is replaced in Canada by a form that has paler buffy-brown or gray-brown forewings with little black speckling. This northern form is currently treated as (Smith), occurring from Nova Scotia to Alberta, and as ssp. bryanti Barnes in British Columbia and Washington. However, there is a broad area in southern Ontario and Quebec, northern New York, and New England, where most specimens are intermediate between typical and and occasionally -like forms are found as far south as the Appalachians of North Carolina. There are no external structural or genital characters to distinguish the two taxa and barcodes do not separate them either, so we synonymize , syn. n., but retain the name as a northern subspecies as ssp. lutalba, stat. n., and move subspecies bryanti to ssp. bryanti, stat. rev.

930502 New and revised synonymy from Crabo et al. 2013.

930579 The species, which occurs in Africa and southern Europe, is now believed to be a Pan-tropical species with (Walker, [1859]), syn. rev., as a synonym. The external characters, genitalia, and barcodes are the same from each region. It is possible that the spread of the species to the New World was aided by man.

930608 Examination of type material and barcodes shows that Walker, [1858], syn. n., and Harvey, 1876, syn. n., are synonyms of , and not synonymsof Hübner, 1822. The barcodes also show that is widely distributed from Florida and Texas southward through the Caribbean and Central and South America to Brazil, the latter being the type locality.

930608 Examination of the type material associated with the name and Schaus, shows that the species that occurs in Texas is PageBreak. The type material of is lost, but the illustration in Hübner (1822), and material associated with it in the Natural History Museum, London (BMNH), do not match the taxon occurring in Texas, or any North American species of . Further, the two names currently associated with the as synonyms, one of which ( (Harvey)) was described from Texas, are synonyms of and are transferred to its synonymy above.

930611.1 A fresh female specimen of Walker, 1858 was taken at gas station lights in Morganton, Fannin Co., in north Georgia on June 15, 2012 by Paul Dennehy and James Adams.  This location is quite rural, along a state highway about 100 miles north of Atlanta.  The species’ home range is “from India across E China to Japan, Korea and to Thailand” (Alberto Zilli, pers. comm.), though not Borneo.  The larval food plants of Walker, and the species , are members of the genus Durazz. (Mimosa).  Mimosa is extensively planted and naturalized throughout north Georgia.  As such, it is certainly plausible that this single specimen represents a member of an established population of the moth in the U.S. It is tentatively included in the Anomini following Holloway (2005). The specimen is in the JKAC. Contributed by James Adams.

930621.1 A male of this species was collected at Mile Marker 36, US A1A, Key Largo, Monroe Co., Florida, 2 May 2009 by David Fine. The specimen is in DFC. Contributed by Leroy Koehn.

930705 Examination of genitalia and barcodes shows that the names , syn. n., and , syn. n., are color forms of . The species is mainly distinguished from , which occurs with it in parts of Arizona and California, by the more parallel transverse lines on the forewing with black wedge-shaped spots on the costa in , and usually the reniform spot is black.

930755.1 A female of this species was collected 6 June 2012 at Falcon Heights, Starr Co., Texas by Barry Nall. The specimen is in the TLSRC.

930884 The male lectotype of Guenée, 1852, in the MNHN, Paris, is a senior synonym of (H. Edwards, 1882), syn. n., and not a synonym of Hübner, 1818, as previously supposed. is a new combination. Contributed by Robert Poole.

930903.1 Addition (see Crabo et al. 2013).

930961.1 The molecular results in Zahiri et al. (2012a) show that , and the two genera below ( Hampson and Hübner), should be in the Poaphilini, so the species is moved here from 931057.

930961.2 moved from 931058.

930961.3 moved from 931059.

931113.1 A single specimen from Florida was found in unidentified material in the USNM by Mike Pogue while sorting specimens for a revision of the group. The specimen was reared but the data do not include host plant information. Terhune Dickel and Jim Troubridge have PageBreakboth collected this species in southern Florida (Homestead and Key Largo). Some specimens have previously been identified as . Vouchers in CNC, JTTC, TSDC, and USNM.

931117 This taxon, formerly considered to be a synonym of , is widely distributed in Florida, the Caribbean, Mexico, Central America, and northern South America. The taxonomic status and distribution are based on Pogue (2013). is found in the Lesser Antilles and Puerto Rico and would not be expected to occur in Florida. (931109 in Lafontaine & Schmidt 2010) is placed in synonymy with by Pogue 2013.

931117.1 Addition (see Pogue 2013). This is the species formerly identified as (Guenée, 1852) in Florida. It is widely distributed in southern Florida and the Caribbean, whereas is confined to Brazil (Pogue 2013).

931167.1 This species was described by Becker (2001). A specimen was collected in Collier County, Florida, in 2012 by Jim Troubridge. Voucher in CNC.

931171.1 This species occurs mainly in Africa and western Eurasia with mainly in eastern Asia, but occasionally found in Europe in greenhouses. The two species are very difficult to identify other than by geographic range, DNA, and pheromones. When populations of this complex were discovered in greenhouses in British Columbia in 2006, it was assumed they would have an eastern Eurasian origin, like most recent introductions into the Vancouver area. More recently, barcode results show that these populations, and recently discovered populations in southern Ontario and Michigan, are referable and not to (Murillo et al. in press).

931253.1 A single specimen of this species was collectedby Bruce Walsh in the Huachuca Mountains in southeastern Arizona. Voucher in JBWC.

931260.1 A single specimen of this species was collected by Vernon Brou in Louisiana in 1994. Previously, the species was recorded only as far north as northeastern Mexico (Pogue 2009). It is distinguishable from (Zeller) and Pogue only by genital characters. Voucher in CNC.

931931 Reinstated as a full species, not a subspecies of (Boisduval, 1840) from the Alps, following Lafontaine and Schmidt (2013).

931965 New subspecies (see Crabo et al. 2013).

931988.1 The species was collected in Monroe County, Florida, in 2012 by Jim Troubridge. Voucher in CNC.

932006 – The species name was misspelled as chardra in Lafontaine & Schmidt (2011).

932021.1 Addition (see Metzler et al. 2013).

932023 Addition (see Metzler et al. 2013). This species had been listed in numerous lists and season summaries and was treated in Lafontaine & Schmidt (2010) as sp. not (Druce, 1890).

932023.1 Addition (see Metzler et al. 2013).

PageBreak932061 Change in combination from Lafontaine and Schmidt (2013).

932368.1 Addition (see Crabo et al. 2013).

932368.2 Addition (see Crabo et al. 2013).

932368.3 Addition (see Crabo et al. 2013).

932455 New synonymy from Crabo et al. 2013.

932456 The author’s name, Harvey, should be in parentheses because the original combination was Harvey. New synonymy from Crabo et al. 2013.

932631 The species name was misspelled as fannatica in Lafontaine & Schmidt (2010).

932693.1 Addition (see Crabo et al. 2013).

932711.1 Addition (see Lafontaine and Walsh 2013).

933606 New subspecies (see Crabo et al. 2013).