J A Kanis1, A Oden, H Johansson, E McCloskey. 1. WHO Collaborating Centre for Metabolic Bone Diseases, University of Sheffield Medical School, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK. w.j.pontefract@sheffield.ac.uk
Abstract
SUMMARY: Recent studies have evaluated the performance of FRAX® in independent cohorts. The interpretation of most is problematic for reasons summarised in this perspective. INTRODUCTION: FRAX is an extensively validated assessment tool for the prediction of fracture in men and women. The aim of this study was to review the methods used since the launch of FRAX to further evaluate this instrument. METHODS: This covers a critical review of studies investigating the calibration of FRAX or assessing its performance characteristics in external cohorts. RESULTS: Most studies used inappropriate methodologies to compare the performance characteristics of FRAX with other models. These included discordant parameters of risk (comparing incidence with probabilities), comparison with internally derived predictors and inappropriate use and interpretation of receiver operating characteristic curves. These deficits markedly impair interpretation of these studies. CONCLUSION: Cohort studies that have evaluated the performance of FRAX need to be interpreted with caution and preferably re-evaluated.
SUMMARY: Recent studies have evaluated the performance of FRAX® in independent cohorts. The interpretation of most is problematic for reasons summarised in this perspective. INTRODUCTION: FRAX is an extensively validated assessment tool for the prediction of fracture in men and women. The aim of this study was to review the methods used since the launch of FRAX to further evaluate this instrument. METHODS: This covers a critical review of studies investigating the calibration of FRAX or assessing its performance characteristics in external cohorts. RESULTS: Most studies used inappropriate methodologies to compare the performance characteristics of FRAX with other models. These included discordant parameters of risk (comparing incidence with probabilities), comparison with internally derived predictors and inappropriate use and interpretation of receiver operating characteristic curves. These deficits markedly impair interpretation of these studies. CONCLUSION: Cohort studies that have evaluated the performance of FRAX need to be interpreted with caution and preferably re-evaluated.
Authors: Alexandra Papaioannou; Suzanne Morin; Angela M Cheung; Stephanie Atkinson; Jacques P Brown; Sidney Feldman; David A Hanley; Anthony Hodsman; Sophie A Jamal; Stephanie M Kaiser; Brent Kvern; Kerry Siminoski; William D Leslie Journal: CMAJ Date: 2010-10-12 Impact factor: 8.262
Authors: K Kayan; H Johansson; A Oden; S Vasireddy; K Pande; J Orgee; J A Kanis; E V McCloskey Journal: Osteoporos Int Date: 2009-05-13 Impact factor: 4.507
Authors: K M Sanders; J A Pasco; A M Ugoni; G C Nicholson; E Seeman; T J Martin; B Skoric; S Panahi; M A Kotowicz Journal: J Bone Miner Res Date: 1998-08 Impact factor: 6.741
Authors: Meghan G Donaldson; Lisa Palermo; John T Schousboe; Kristine E Ensrud; Marc C Hochberg; Steven R Cummings Journal: J Bone Miner Res Date: 2009-11 Impact factor: 6.741
Authors: M Hoff; H E Meyer; S Skurtveit; A Langhammer; A J Søgaard; U Syversen; A Dhainaut; E Skovlund; B Abrahamsen; B Schei Journal: Osteoporos Int Date: 2017-07-01 Impact factor: 4.507
Authors: John A Kanis; Nicholas C Harvey; Cyrus Cooper; Helena Johansson; Anders Odén; Eugene V McCloskey Journal: Arch Osteoporos Date: 2016-07-27 Impact factor: 2.617