BACKGROUND: With the introduction of Haemophilus influenzae serotype b (Hib) conjugate vaccines, there has been a dramatic reduction of Hib disease in young children and the epidemiological trends of invasive H. influenzae have shifted. METHODS: Data were collected from active surveillance for invasive H. influenzae disease conducted through Active Bacterial Core surveillance sites during 1989-2008. RESULTS: During 1999-2008, the estimated mean annual incidence of H. influenzae infection was 1.62 cases per 100 000 population; 15.3% of cases were fatal. Incidence was higher among adults aged ≥65 years, compared with other age groups. The largest burden of disease among children aged <5 years was in infants aged <1 year; many of these cases occurred during the first month of life in preterm or low-birth weight infants. An estimated 10% of the total burden of disease among children aged <5 years occurred in American Indian and Alaska Native children. During 1989-2008, 7559 cases of H. influenzae disease were reported from Active Bacterial Core surveillance sites. Small increases in the incidence of serotypes a, e, and f were observed during 1989-2008. The largest of these increases was in serotype f and was primarily among adults aged ≥18 years. CONCLUSIONS: Since the introduction of Hib conjugate vaccines, the incidence of invasive disease caused by H. influenzae in the United States has decreased dramatically; however, a considerable burden of non-Hib disease is still present in the oldest and youngest age groups. There is no evidence of substantial replacement disease with non-b serotypes in young children in the United States.
BACKGROUND: With the introduction of Haemophilus influenzae serotype b (Hib) conjugate vaccines, there has been a dramatic reduction of Hib disease in young children and the epidemiological trends of invasive H. influenzae have shifted. METHODS: Data were collected from active surveillance for invasive H. influenzae disease conducted through Active Bacterial Core surveillance sites during 1989-2008. RESULTS: During 1999-2008, the estimated mean annual incidence of H. influenzaeinfection was 1.62 cases per 100 000 population; 15.3% of cases were fatal. Incidence was higher among adults aged ≥65 years, compared with other age groups. The largest burden of disease among children aged <5 years was in infants aged <1 year; many of these cases occurred during the first month of life in preterm or low-birth weight infants. An estimated 10% of the total burden of disease among children aged <5 years occurred in American Indian and Alaska Native children. During 1989-2008, 7559 cases of H. influenzae disease were reported from Active Bacterial Core surveillance sites. Small increases in the incidence of serotypes a, e, and f were observed during 1989-2008. The largest of these increases was in serotype f and was primarily among adults aged ≥18 years. CONCLUSIONS: Since the introduction of Hib conjugate vaccines, the incidence of invasive disease caused by H. influenzae in the United States has decreased dramatically; however, a considerable burden of non-Hib disease is still present in the oldest and youngest age groups. There is no evidence of substantial replacement disease with non-b serotypes in young children in the United States.
Authors: Ian D Plumb; K Danielle Lecy; Rosalyn Singleton; Michael C Engel; Matthew Hirschfeld; James W Keck; Joseph Klejka; Karen M Rudolph; Thomas W Hennessy; Michael G Bruce Journal: Pediatr Infect Dis J Date: 2018-04 Impact factor: 2.129
Authors: Fang Hu; Lavanya Rishishwar; Ambily Sivadas; Gabriel J Mitchell; I King Jordan; Timothy F Murphy; Janet R Gilsdorf; Leonard W Mayer; Xin Wang Journal: J Clin Microbiol Date: 2016-10-05 Impact factor: 5.948
Authors: Heidi M Soeters; Amy Blain; Tracy Pondo; Brooke Doman; Monica M Farley; Lee H Harrison; Ruth Lynfield; Lisa Miller; Susan Petit; Arthur Reingold; William Schaffner; Ann Thomas; Shelley M Zansky; Xin Wang; Elizabeth C Briere Journal: Clin Infect Dis Date: 2018-08-31 Impact factor: 9.079
Authors: Michael E Watson; Kevin L Nelson; Victoria Nguyen; Carey-Ann D Burnham; Jill E Clarridge; Xuan Qin; Arnold L Smith Journal: J Med Microbiol Date: 2012-12-14 Impact factor: 2.472
Authors: Daniel J Livorsi; Jessica R Macneil; Amanda C Cohn; Joseph Bareta; Shelly Zansky; Susan Petit; Ken Gershman; Lee H Harrison; Ruth Lynfield; Arthur Reingold; William Schaffner; Ann Thomas; Monica M Farley Journal: J Infect Date: 2012-08-15 Impact factor: 6.072