Heidi M Soeters1,2, Amy Blain2, Tracy Pondo2, Brooke Doman3, Monica M Farley4,5, Lee H Harrison6, Ruth Lynfield7, Lisa Miller8, Susan Petit9, Arthur Reingold10, William Schaffner11, Ann Thomas12, Shelley M Zansky13, Xin Wang2, Elizabeth C Briere2. 1. Epidemic Intelligence Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia. 2. National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia. 3. New Mexico Department of Health, Santa Fe. 4. Emory University School of Medicine, Georgia. 5. Atlanta Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Georgia. 6. Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland. 7. Minnesota Department of Health, St. Paul. 8. University of Colorado School of Public Health, Denver. 9. Connecticut Department of Public Health, Hartford. 10. School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley. 11. Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee. 12. Oregon Health Authority, Portland. 13. New York State Department of Health, Albany.
Abstract
Background: Following Haemophilus influenzae serotype b (Hib) conjugate vaccine introduction in the 1980s, Hib disease in young children dramatically decreased, and epidemiology of invasive H. influenzae changed. Methods: Active surveillance for invasive H. influenzae disease was conducted through Active Bacterial Core surveillance sites. Incidence rates were directly standardized to the age and race distribution of the US population. Results: During 2009-2015, the estimated mean annual incidence of invasive H. influenzae disease was 1.70 cases per 100000 population. Incidence was highest among adults aged ≥65 years (6.30) and children aged <1 year (8.45); many cases in infants aged <1 year occurred during the first month of life in preterm or low-birth-weight infants. Among children aged <5 years (incidence: 2.84), incidence was substantially higher in American Indian and Alaska Natives AI/AN (15.19) than in all other races (2.62). Overall, 14.5% of cases were fatal; case fatality was highest among adults aged ≥65 years (20%). Nontypeable H. influenzae had the highest incidence (1.22) and case fatality (16%), as compared with Hib (0.03; 4%) and non-b encapsulated serotypes (0.45; 11%). Compared with 2002-2008, the estimated incidence of invasive H. influenzae disease increased by 16%, driven by increases in disease caused by serotype a and nontypeable strains. Conclusions: Invasive H. influenzae disease has increased, particularly due to nontypeable strains and serotype a. A considerable burden of invasive H. influenzae disease affects the oldest and youngest age groups, particularly AI/AN children. These data can inform prevention strategies, including vaccine development.
Background: Following Haemophilus influenzae serotype b (Hib) conjugate vaccine introduction in the 1980s, Hib disease in young children dramatically decreased, and epidemiology of invasive H. influenzae changed. Methods: Active surveillance for invasive H. influenzae disease was conducted through Active Bacterial Core surveillance sites. Incidence rates were directly standardized to the age and race distribution of the US population. Results: During 2009-2015, the estimated mean annual incidence of invasive H. influenzae disease was 1.70 cases per 100000 population. Incidence was highest among adults aged ≥65 years (6.30) and children aged <1 year (8.45); many cases in infants aged <1 year occurred during the first month of life in preterm or low-birth-weight infants. Among children aged <5 years (incidence: 2.84), incidence was substantially higher in American Indian and Alaska Natives AI/AN (15.19) than in all other races (2.62). Overall, 14.5% of cases were fatal; case fatality was highest among adults aged ≥65 years (20%). Nontypeable H. influenzae had the highest incidence (1.22) and case fatality (16%), as compared with Hib (0.03; 4%) and non-b encapsulated serotypes (0.45; 11%). Compared with 2002-2008, the estimated incidence of invasive H. influenzae disease increased by 16%, driven by increases in disease caused by serotype a and nontypeable strains. Conclusions: Invasive H. influenzae disease has increased, particularly due to nontypeable strains and serotype a. A considerable burden of invasive H. influenzae disease affects the oldest and youngest age groups, particularly AI/AN children. These data can inform prevention strategies, including vaccine development.
Authors: Xin Wang; Raydel Mair; Cynthia Hatcher; M Jordan Theodore; Karen Edmond; Henry M Wu; Brian H Harcourt; Maria da Gloria S Carvalho; Fabiana Pimenta; Pagbajab Nymadawa; Dorjpurev Altantsetseg; Mariah Kirsch; Sarah W Satola; Amanda Cohn; Nancy E Messonnier; Leonard W Mayer Journal: Int J Med Microbiol Date: 2011-01-26 Impact factor: 3.473
Authors: Jessica R MacNeil; Amanda C Cohn; Monica Farley; Raydel Mair; Joan Baumbach; Nancy Bennett; Ken Gershman; Lee H Harrison; Ruth Lynfield; Susan Petit; Arthur Reingold; William Schaffner; Ann Thomas; Fatima Coronado; Elizabeth R Zell; Leonard W Mayer; Thomas A Clark; Nancy E Messonnier Journal: Clin Infect Dis Date: 2011-12 Impact factor: 9.079
Authors: Elizabeth C Briere; Michael Jackson; Shetul G Shah; Amanda C Cohn; Raydel D Anderson; Jessica R MacNeil; Fatima M Coronado; Leonard W Mayer; Thomas A Clark; Nancy E Messonnier Journal: Pediatrics Date: 2012-08-06 Impact factor: 7.124
Authors: Marianne E Yee; Nitya Bakshi; Sara H Graciaa; Peter A Lane; Robert C Jerris; Yun F Wang; Inci Yildirim Journal: Pediatr Blood Cancer Date: 2019-02-05 Impact factor: 3.167
Authors: Grace Huang; Irene Martin; Raymond S Tsang; Walter H Demczuk; Gregory J Tyrrell; Y Anita Li; Catherine Dickson; Francesca Reyes-Domingo; Susan G Squires Journal: Can Commun Dis Rep Date: 2021-11-10
Authors: Nicole I Richardson; Michelle M Kuttel; Frank St Michael; Chantelle Cairns; Andrew D Cox; Neil Ravenscroft Journal: Glycoconj J Date: 2021-09-07 Impact factor: 2.916
Authors: Daya Marasini; Melissa J Whaley; Laurel T Jenkins; Fang Hu; Wenxin Jiang; Nadav Topaz; Alex Chen; Susanna Schmink; Jennifer Dolan Thomas; Brian H Harcourt; Henju Marjuki; Xin Wang Journal: J Clin Microbiol Date: 2022-03-21 Impact factor: 11.677
Authors: Lauren F Collins; Fiona P Havers; Amy Tunali; Stephanie Thomas; Julie A Clennon; Zanthia Wiley; Melissa Tobin-D'Angelo; Tonia Parrott; Timothy D Read; Sarah W Satola; Robert A Petit; Monica M Farley Journal: JAMA Date: 2019-12-24 Impact factor: 157.335