Structural effects of hydration: studies of lysozyme by 13C solids NMR.

13C-nmr spectra of lysozyme obtained at 50.3 MHz using both static and magic-angle-spinning-cross-polarization methods are reported at several water contents. The line widths and consequent resolution in the hydrated material is substantially improved over that in the lyophilized protein. The line narrowing is not commensurate with loss of a proton-carbon dipole-dipole coupling or dramatic changes in the relaxation parameters characterizing magnetization transfer from protons to carbon in the Hartmann-Hahn cross-polarization experiment. We interpret these data in terms of the water inducing a decrease in the distribution of local conformations sampled by the protein, although the magnitude of the conformational reorientations required to account for the data are not necessarily large nor do they imply a major unfolding of the protein on dehydration.