PURPOSE: To investigate the toxic effects of benzalkonium chloride (BAC), a preservative commonly used in ophthalmic preparations, on DNA single- and double-strand breaks in immortalized human corneal epithelial cells (HCEs). METHODS: HCEs were treated with BAC in concentrations ranging from 0.00005% to 0.001% for 30 min. Cells were examined immediately after BAC exposure and after 24-h recovery. Alkaline comet assay was used to detect DNA single-strand breaks (SSBs). Immunofluorescence microscope detection of the phosphorylated form of histone variant H2AX (γH2AX) foci indicated DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs). Cell viability was measured by the MTT test. RESULTS: A significant increase of SSBs, detected by alkaline comet assay, was observed in a dose-dependent manner with BAC exposure in HCEs at concentrations of 0.00005% and higher. Such BAC treatment also exhibited a dose-dependent increase in DSBs, evaluated by number of γH2AX foci. In addition, a significant change in the relative cell survival rate of HCEs was observed after exposure to 0.001% BAC for 30 min. Although the toxic effects of BAC could be partly repaired after 24 h of cell recovery, SSBs and DSBs in HCEs were still present after BAC removal. CONCLUSIONS: The results demonstrated that exposure to BAC in HCEs, even at low concentrations, could induce DNA strand breaks, which were present after BAC removal. Cell survival analysis indicated that BAC-induced DNA damage was correlated with the cytotoxic effects.
PURPOSE: To investigate the toxic effects of benzalkonium chloride (BAC), a preservative commonly used in ophthalmic preparations, on DNA single- and double-strand breaks in immortalized human corneal epithelial cells (HCEs). METHODS: HCEs were treated with BAC in concentrations ranging from 0.00005% to 0.001% for 30 min. Cells were examined immediately after BAC exposure and after 24-h recovery. Alkaline comet assay was used to detect DNA single-strand breaks (SSBs). Immunofluorescence microscope detection of the phosphorylated form of histone variant H2AX (γH2AX) foci indicated DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs). Cell viability was measured by the MTT test. RESULTS: A significant increase of SSBs, detected by alkaline comet assay, was observed in a dose-dependent manner with BAC exposure in HCEs at concentrations of 0.00005% and higher. Such BAC treatment also exhibited a dose-dependent increase in DSBs, evaluated by number of γH2AX foci. In addition, a significant change in the relative cell survival rate of HCEs was observed after exposure to 0.001% BAC for 30 min. Although the toxic effects of BAC could be partly repaired after 24 h of cell recovery, SSBs and DSBs in HCEs were still present after BAC removal. CONCLUSIONS: The results demonstrated that exposure to BAC in HCEs, even at low concentrations, could induce DNA strand breaks, which were present after BAC removal. Cell survival analysis indicated that BAC-induced DNA damage was correlated with the cytotoxic effects.
Authors: M De Saint Jean; F Brignole; A F Bringuier; A Bauchet; G Feldmann; C Baudouin Journal: Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci Date: 1999-03 Impact factor: 4.799
Authors: Tivadar Bíró; Alexandra Bocsik; Bisera Jurišić Dukovski; Ilona Gróf; Jasmina Lovrić; Ildikó Csóka; Mária A Deli; Zoltán Aigner Journal: Drug Des Devel Ther Date: 2021-02-03 Impact factor: 4.162
Authors: Han Wu; Huina Zhang; Changjun Wang; Yihua Wu; Jiajun Xie; Xiuming Jin; Jun Yang; Juan Ye Journal: Mol Vis Date: 2011-12-21 Impact factor: 2.367
Authors: Diane T Siegel; G Baker Hubbard; Jiong Yan; Blaine Cribbs; Nieraj Jain; Steve Yeh; Diem Bui; Jesse Smith; Scott Barb; William Pearce; Laura Ward; Andrew M Hendrick Journal: Retina Date: 2020-08 Impact factor: 3.975
Authors: Eliana B Souto; Joana R Campos; Raquel Da Ana; Carlos Martins-Gomes; Amélia M Silva; Selma B Souto; Massimo Lucarini; Alessandra Durazzo; Antonello Santini Journal: Int J Environ Res Public Health Date: 2020-03-19 Impact factor: 3.390
Authors: Tivadar Bíró; Gabriella Horvát; Mária Budai-Szűcs; Erzsébet Csányi; Edit Urbán; Andrea Facskó; Piroska Szabó-Révész; Ildikó Csóka; Zoltán Aigner Journal: Drug Des Devel Ther Date: 2018-08-15 Impact factor: 4.162