Rho GTPase effector functions in tumor cell invasion and metastasis.

Rho GTPases (Ras homologous family) comprise the largest subfamily cluster of the Ras-homology superfamily. Rho GTPases exist in inactive GDP and active GTP forms. The active forms of the Rho family members bind with numerous effector proteins that are crucial for various biological processes. Accumulating evidence exemplifies the importance of Rho effector proteins in various steps of cancer progression. Here, we highlight the actions of various effectors of Rho members in cancer invasion and metastasis.