Towards an etiologic diagnosis: assessing the patient with hearing loss.

This article reviews the clinical approach taken towards identification of the cause of hearing loss in children. A brief overview of the universal newborn hearing screening program is presented. Discussion is then focused on clinical elements of the diagnostic process with emphasis on the importance of the history, physical examination, and audiologic testing. The utility and appropriateness of additional diagnostic testing is considered, particularly with regards to the incorporation of diagnostic radiologic imaging and genetic testing. In the course of these discussions, the genetic and non-genetic causes of pediatric hearing loss are reviewed. Finally, the implications of a definitive identification of hearing loss etiology are considered.