BACKGROUND: Smoking has been related to esophageal and gastric cardia adenocarcinoma, but the magnitude of the association is uncertain. METHODS: We conducted a meta-analysis of 33 studies published up to January 2010. We derived summary estimates using random-effects models. RESULTS: Compared with never-smokers, the pooled relative risk (RR) was 1.76 (95% confidence interval = 1.54-2.01) for ever-smokers, 2.32 (1.96-2.75) for current smokers, and 1.62 (1.40-1.87) for ex-smokers. There was no important difference between esophageal (RR = 1.85 for ever- vs. never-smokers) and gastric cardia (RR = 1.76) adenocarcinoma. We found a direct association with dose (RR = 2.48 [2.14-2.86] for ≥ 20 cigarettes/d) and duration (RR = 2.32 [1.92-2.82] for ≥ 40 years) of cigarette consumption. CONCLUSIONS: This meta-analysis estimates the excess of esophageal and gastric cardia adenocarcinoma risk for smokers. This risk was similar for the 2 cancer sites.
BACKGROUND: Smoking has been related to esophageal and gastric cardia adenocarcinoma, but the magnitude of the association is uncertain. METHODS: We conducted a meta-analysis of 33 studies published up to January 2010. We derived summary estimates using random-effects models. RESULTS: Compared with never-smokers, the pooled relative risk (RR) was 1.76 (95% confidence interval = 1.54-2.01) for ever-smokers, 2.32 (1.96-2.75) for current smokers, and 1.62 (1.40-1.87) for ex-smokers. There was no important difference between esophageal (RR = 1.85 for ever- vs. never-smokers) and gastric cardia (RR = 1.76) adenocarcinoma. We found a direct association with dose (RR = 2.48 [2.14-2.86] for ≥ 20 cigarettes/d) and duration (RR = 2.32 [1.92-2.82] for ≥ 40 years) of cigarette consumption. CONCLUSIONS: This meta-analysis estimates the excess of esophageal and gastric cardia adenocarcinoma risk for smokers. This risk was similar for the 2 cancer sites.
Authors: John Maret-Ouda; Karl Wahlin; Miia Artama; Nele Brusselaers; Martti Färkkilä; Elsebeth Lynge; Fredrik Mattsson; Eero Pukkala; Pål Romundstad; Laufey Tryggvadóttir; My von Euler-Chelpin; Jesper Lagergren Journal: JAMA Oncol Date: 2018-11-01 Impact factor: 31.777
Authors: Mark G O'Doherty; Neal D Freedman; Albert R Hollenbeck; Arthur Schatzkin; Liam J Murray; Marie M Cantwell; Christian C Abnet Journal: Int J Cancer Date: 2012-01-27 Impact factor: 7.396