OBJECTIVES: To evaluate, using Monte Carlo simulation, the pharmacodynamics (PD) of empirical antibiotic monotherapies for serious infections consistent with Canadian intensive care unit (ICU) surveillance data. METHODS: Meropenem, piperacillin/tazobactam and cefepime, along with ceftobiprole, a broad-spectrum cephalosporin active against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), were tested at standard and highest recommended doses with and without prolonged infusion times (t'). Population pharmacokinetic models were used to simulate antibiotic serum concentrations (n = 5000). Cumulative target attainment (CTA) at >50%, >75% and 100% fT( > MIC) (percentage of time free concentrations exceed the MIC) targets were determined based on ICU surveillance data including 4798 pathogens, most commonly methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (20.1%), Escherichia coli (15.2%) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (12.3%). RESULTS: With standard doses, ceftobiprole (500 mg every 8 h, t' 2 h) had 0.90 CTA at the >50% fT( > MIC) target while meropenem (1 g every 8 h, t' 0.5 h), piperacillin/tazobactam (3.375 g every 6 h, t' 0.5 h) and cefepime (2 g every 12 h, t' 0.5 h) reached >50% fT( > MIC) in 0.79-0.82 of the population (0.84-0.88 when MRSA was excluded). Piperacillin/tazobactam had the largest reduction in CTA at the >75% and 100% fT( > MIC) targets requiring prolonged infusions to maintain comparable PD. For all agents, prolonged infusions and/or high doses were required to achieve >0.9 CTA at the lowest target, to reach higher targets or to cover less susceptible pathogens such as P. aeruginosa. CONCLUSIONS: This study provides important comparative data on empirical antibiotic monotherapies in an ICU setting including preliminary data on ceftobiprole. Ceftobiprole was most active overall, but similar to meropenem, piperacillin/tazobactam (lowest target only) and cefepime when MRSA was excluded. Prolonged infusions in particular and high doses were effective at improving antibiotic PD.
OBJECTIVES: To evaluate, using Monte Carlo simulation, the pharmacodynamics (PD) of empirical antibiotic monotherapies for serious infections consistent with Canadian intensive care unit (ICU) surveillance data. METHODS:Meropenem, piperacillin/tazobactam and cefepime, along with ceftobiprole, a broad-spectrum cephalosporin active against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), were tested at standard and highest recommended doses with and without prolonged infusion times (t'). Population pharmacokinetic models were used to simulate antibiotic serum concentrations (n = 5000). Cumulative target attainment (CTA) at >50%, >75% and 100% fT( > MIC) (percentage of time free concentrations exceed the MIC) targets were determined based on ICU surveillance data including 4798 pathogens, most commonly methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (20.1%), Escherichia coli (15.2%) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (12.3%). RESULTS: With standard doses, ceftobiprole (500 mg every 8 h, t' 2 h) had 0.90 CTA at the >50% fT( > MIC) target while meropenem (1 g every 8 h, t' 0.5 h), piperacillin/tazobactam (3.375 g every 6 h, t' 0.5 h) and cefepime (2 g every 12 h, t' 0.5 h) reached >50% fT( > MIC) in 0.79-0.82 of the population (0.84-0.88 when MRSA was excluded). Piperacillin/tazobactam had the largest reduction in CTA at the >75% and 100% fT( > MIC) targets requiring prolonged infusions to maintain comparable PD. For all agents, prolonged infusions and/or high doses were required to achieve >0.9 CTA at the lowest target, to reach higher targets or to cover less susceptible pathogens such as P. aeruginosa. CONCLUSIONS: This study provides important comparative data on empirical antibiotic monotherapies in an ICU setting including preliminary data on ceftobiprole. Ceftobiprole was most active overall, but similar to meropenem, piperacillin/tazobactam (lowest target only) and cefepime when MRSA was excluded. Prolonged infusions in particular and high doses were effective at improving antibiotic PD.
Authors: Ana Motos; Joseph L Kuti; Gianluigi Li Bassi; Antoni Torres; David P Nicolau Journal: Antimicrob Agents Chemother Date: 2019-01-29 Impact factor: 5.191
Authors: Rachel F Eyler; A Mary Vilay; Ahmed M Nader; Michael Heung; Melissa Pleva; Kevin M Sowinski; Daryl D DePestel; Fritz Sörgel; Martina Kinzig; Bruce A Mueller Journal: Antimicrob Agents Chemother Date: 2013-12-09 Impact factor: 5.191