Osteochondral plate angiogenesis: a new treatment target in osteoarthritis.

Healthy adult joint cartilage contains neither blood vessels nor nerves. Osteoarthritic cartilage, in contrast, may be invaded by blood vessels from the subchondral bone. The mechanisms underlying cartilage angiogenesis in osteoarthritis are unclear but may involve hypertrophic chondrocyte differentiation. Active research is under way to identify the factors involved in cartilage angiogenesis. Here, we discuss the pathophysiological mechanisms of osteoarthritic cartilage angiogenesis based on evidence from a systematic literature review of articles retrieved via PubMed and ISI Web of Knowledge. Our conclusions suggest new research perspectives and treatment options.