Nonsense-mediated mRNA decay maintains translational fidelity by limiting magnesium uptake.

Inactivation of the yeast nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD) pathway stabilizes nonsense mRNAs and promotes readthrough of premature translation termination codons. Although the latter phenotype is thought to reflect a direct role of NMD factors in translation termination, its mechanism is unknown. Here we show that the reduced termination efficiency of NMD-deficient cells is attributable to increased expression of the magnesium transporter Alr1p and the resulting effects of elevated Mg(2+) levels on termination fidelity. Alr1p levels increase because an upstream ORF in ALR1 mRNA targets the transcript for NMD. Our results demonstrate that NMD, at least in yeast, controls Mg(2+) homeostasis and, consequently, translational fidelity.