Do fish sniff? A new mechanism of olfactory sampling in pleuronectid flounders.

Although olfaction is known to be a highly developed sense in a variety of fishes, little information is available about behavioral mechanisms by which fishes sample the olfactory environment. This study was undertaken to assess the role of spontaneous jaw protrusion ('coughing') as a potential mechanism for olfactory sampling in pleuronectid flounders. Investigations were carried out using a combination of physiological, morphological and behavioral techniques. Physiological results show (1) that typical respirations are coupled to measurable olfactory sac pressure fluctuations and (2) that during a coughing event, water is rapidly sucked into the olfactory sac. Morphological results indicate (3) a direct linkage system between the protrusion apparatus and the olfactory or associated accessory sacs, and (4) that coughing is associated with a rapid expansion or stretching of these sacs. Lastly, behavioral studies demonstrate (5) that coughing rates increase significantly over background activity when flounders are presented with attractive food odorants. From these results, I propose that coughing in pleuronectid flounders represents a behavior truly analogous to sniffing in certain air-breathing organisms.