PURPOSE: To describe the distribution, and demographic and socioeconomic correlates of refractive error and related ocular biometry in an older British population. METHODS: Refractive error was measured using an auto-refractor without cycloplegia. Pseudophakic individuals and those who had undergone refractive surgery were excluded from analysis. Axial length and anterior chamber depth were measured using partial coherence laser interferometry. Occupation category and highest educational achievement were recorded. RESULTS: Biometric data were available for 2519 people (1090 men, 1429 women; 93.2% of all participants) aged 48 to 88 years. Refractive data were available for both eyes in 2210 bilaterally phakic participants. Among phakic individuals, axial length of the eye was strongly inversely correlated with refractive error in both men and women (p<0.001). Axial length of the eye was strongly, independently related to height, weight and social class, but most strongly related to educational achievement. In contrast, anterior chamber depth varied with age and sex, but not with socioeconomic status. There was a significant inverse association between anterior chamber depth and refraction in women (p<0.001) but not in men (p=0.495). CONCLUSION: Refractive error in this predominantly white older UK population was associated with axial biometry and sociodemographic characteristics. Educational status was the strongest determinant of axial length.
PURPOSE: To describe the distribution, and demographic and socioeconomic correlates of refractive error and related ocular biometry in an older British population. METHODS: Refractive error was measured using an auto-refractor without cycloplegia. Pseudophakic individuals and those who had undergone refractive surgery were excluded from analysis. Axial length and anterior chamber depth were measured using partial coherence laser interferometry. Occupation category and highest educational achievement were recorded. RESULTS: Biometric data were available for 2519 people (1090 men, 1429 women; 93.2% of all participants) aged 48 to 88 years. Refractive data were available for both eyes in 2210 bilaterally phakic participants. Among phakic individuals, axial length of the eye was strongly inversely correlated with refractive error in both men and women (p<0.001). Axial length of the eye was strongly, independently related to height, weight and social class, but most strongly related to educational achievement. In contrast, anterior chamber depth varied with age and sex, but not with socioeconomic status. There was a significant inverse association between anterior chamber depth and refraction in women (p<0.001) but not in men (p=0.495). CONCLUSION: Refractive error in this predominantly white older UK population was associated with axial biometry and sociodemographic characteristics. Educational status was the strongest determinant of axial length.
Authors: Tom R Webb; Mar Matarin; Jessica C Gardner; Dan Kelberman; Hala Hassan; Wei Ang; Michel Michaelides; Jonathan B Ruddle; Craig E Pennell; Seyhan Yazar; Chiea C Khor; Tin Aung; Mahinda Yogarajah; Anthony G Robson; Graham E Holder; Michael E Cheetham; Elias I Traboulsi; Anthony T Moore; Jane C Sowden; Sanjay M Sisodiya; David A Mackey; Stephen J Tuft; Alison J Hardcastle Journal: Am J Hum Genet Date: 2012-01-26 Impact factor: 11.025
Authors: Justin C Sherwin; Anthony P Khawaja; David Broadway; Robert Luben; Shabina Hayat; Nichola Dalzell; Nicholas J Wareham; Kay-Tee Khaw; Paul J Foster Journal: Br J Ophthalmol Date: 2012-04-25 Impact factor: 4.638
Authors: Alexander C Day; Anthony P Khawaja; Tunde Peto; Shabina Hayat; Robert Luben; David C Broadway; Kay-Tee Khaw; Paul J Foster Journal: BMJ Open Date: 2013-07-24 Impact factor: 2.692
Authors: Hassan Hashemi; Mehdi Khabazkhoob; Mohammad Miraftab; Mohammad Hassan Emamian; Mohammad Shariati; Tahereh Abdolahinia; Akbar Fotouhi Journal: BMC Ophthalmol Date: 2012-09-18 Impact factor: 2.209
Authors: Anthony P Khawaja; Michelle P Y Chan; Shabina Hayat; David C Broadway; Robert Luben; David F Garway-Heath; Justin C Sherwin; Jennifer L Y Yip; Nichola Dalzell; Nicholas J Wareham; Kay-Tee Khaw; Paul J Foster Journal: BMJ Open Date: 2013-03-19 Impact factor: 2.692