Topical mitomycin C chemotherapy in the management of ocular surface neoplasia: a 10-year review of treatment outcomes and complications.

INTRODUCTION: The use of topical mitomycin C (MMC) has gained popularity in the management of ocular surface neoplasia. The aim of this study is to determine outcomes and complications following such treatment.
METHODS: This study is a retrospective review of patients treated with topical MMC for ocular surface neoplasia, including primary acquired melanosis (PAM), melanoma, corneal-conjunctival intraepithelial neoplasia (CCIN), squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and sebaceous gland carcinoma (SGC). Data regarding diagnosis, short- and long-term outcomes, and short- and long-term complications, were recorded.
RESULTS: 58 patients were identified, with a mean age of 63 years and mean follow-up of 36 months. 21 received MMC as primary therapy and 37 as surgical adjuvant. The regimen was 0.04% MMC four times a day for 3 weeks on, 3 weeks off, 3 weeks on, with topical steroid and lubricants throughout. Initial clinical response was either partial or complete in 93%. Overall, 26% developed recurrent disease at a mean of 13 months post treatment. Recurrence rates by pathology were 20% PAM, 25% melanoma, 0% CCIN, 67% SCC and 57% SGC. Short-term complications occurred in 52%, but only 7% required treatment cessation. Long-term complications such as persisting keratoconjunctivitis, epiphora and corneal problems, occurred in 31%.
CONCLUSION: The results confirm the effectiveness of topical MMC chemotherapy in the management of ocular surface neoplasia. Self-limiting short-term complications were common; however, limbal stem cell deficiency appears to be a significant long-term complication of treatment, occurring in 12%.