OBJECTIVE: This research investigated the effects of a critical incident lethal force scenario on a panel of salivary biomarkers, measured at baseline and then at 10 and 30 minutes postscenario, in 141 law enforcement volunteer officers. METHODS: Officers were randomly assigned to two virtual reality scenarios. One scenario was brief and involved a police officer chasing a suspect on a motorcycle, confronting the suspect who draws a gun and shoots the police officer. The other scenario involved a lengthy chase by the police officer through a workplace of an armed perpetrator ultimately engaging in gunfire with the police officer. Saliva was analyzed for cortisol, secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA), interleukin-6, and alpha-amylase concentrations. RESULTS: The "workplace" scenario produced the largest responses in biomarkers, with significant rises in cortisol, interleukin-6, alpha-amylase, and secretory immunoglobulin A. These data suggest that virtual reality can produce stress and immune effects. CONCLUSIONS: This research suggests that virtual reality scenarios produce physiologic stress responses, mimicking occupational stress.
RCT Entities:
OBJECTIVE: This research investigated the effects of a critical incident lethal force scenario on a panel of salivary biomarkers, measured at baseline and then at 10 and 30 minutes postscenario, in 141 law enforcement volunteer officers. METHODS: Officers were randomly assigned to two virtual reality scenarios. One scenario was brief and involved a police officer chasing a suspect on a motorcycle, confronting the suspect who draws a gun and shoots the police officer. The other scenario involved a lengthy chase by the police officer through a workplace of an armed perpetrator ultimately engaging in gunfire with the police officer. Saliva was analyzed for cortisol, secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA), interleukin-6, and alpha-amylase concentrations. RESULTS: The "workplace" scenario produced the largest responses in biomarkers, with significant rises in cortisol, interleukin-6, alpha-amylase, and secretory immunoglobulin A. These data suggest that virtual reality can produce stress and immune effects. CONCLUSIONS: This research suggests that virtual reality scenarios produce physiologic stress responses, mimicking occupational stress.
Authors: John M Violanti; Desta Fekedulegn; Michael E Andrew; Tara A Hartley; Luenda E Charles; Diane B Miller; Cecil M Burchfiel Journal: Psychoneuroendocrinology Date: 2016-10-21 Impact factor: 4.905
Authors: John M Violanti; Desta Fekedulegn; Michael E Andrew; Luenda E Charles; Ja K Gu; Diane B Miller Journal: J Occup Environ Med Date: 2018-09 Impact factor: 2.162
Authors: Rachel K Marvin; Muncharie B Saepoo; Simiao Ye; Donald B White; Rong Liu; Kenneth Hensley; Paul Rega; Viviane Kazan; David R Giovannucci; Dragan Isailovic Journal: Biomarkers Date: 2017-01-25 Impact factor: 2.658
Authors: Danica C Slavish; Jennifer E Graham-Engeland; Joshua M Smyth; Christopher G Engeland Journal: Brain Behav Immun Date: 2014-09-07 Impact factor: 7.217
Authors: Karen L Saban; Herbert L Mathews; Fred B Bryant; Dina Tell; Cara Joyce; Holli A DeVon; Linda Witek Janusek Journal: Brain Behav Immun Date: 2018-07-17 Impact factor: 7.217