Giving birth: the voices of Ghanaian women.

Childbirth is significantly influenced by women's cultural perceptions, beliefs, expectations, fears, and cultural practices. Our purpose in conducting this focused ethnography was to determine the perceptions of Ghanaian childbearing women. Twenty-four mothers who received health care at the Salvation Army Clinic in Wiamoase, Ashanti, Ghana, participated in audiotaped interviews. Patterns of thought and behaviors were analyzed, describing the realities of the lives of Ghanaian childbearing women. Themes included centering on motherhood, accessing health care, using biomedicine, ethnomedicine, and spiritual cures; viewing childbirth as a dangerous passage; experiencing the pain of childbirth; and fearing the influence of witchcraft on birth outcomes. Culturally specific knowledge obtained in this study can be utilized by health care providers, health policymakers, and those designing health care interventions to improve the health and well-being of childbearing women in developing countries.