Thomas Borschitz1, Ralf Kiesslich. 1. Clinic of General and Abdominal Surgery, Johannes Gutenberg University Hospital, Mainz, Germany. borschit@mail.uni-mainz.de
Abstract
PURPOSE: Due to diagnostic advancements, preoperative staging of rectal tumors was significantly improved. However, difficulties in obtaining accurate results can sometimes be observed in the staging of adenomas and early rectal carcinomas (pT1/2). The aim of this study was to test if confocal chromolaser endomicroscopy (cCLEM) can help minimize this diagnostic gap. METHODS: cCLEM generates optical transversal sections at x1,000 magnification and allows for evaluation of the mucosal microarchitecture and differentiation of normal mucosa from adenomas and carcinomas. Cases with conflicting preoperative findings (adenoma vs. > or =uT2 categories), undetectable tumors after inadequate (R1/RX) snare polypectomy of carcinomas, and extremely flat adenoma areas were studied. RESULTS: By cCLEM, in > or =uT2 carcinomas with an adenoma histology, malignoma-suspicious areas were identified and selected biopsies were done. In addition, re-epithelialized polypectomy areas of carcinomas were visualized and targeted reoperations could be carried out. Furthermore, the dignity and extension of extremely flat adenomas were determined and marked by clips for additional therapy. CONCLUSIONS: In cases with rectal tumors, conflicting or unclear findings, and flat extending adenomas, the utilization of cCLEM should be considered. Especially in cases with early rectal carcinomas, unnecessary second operations and also recurrences can be minimized or even avoided by selective usage of cCLEM.
PURPOSE: Due to diagnostic advancements, preoperative staging of rectal tumors was significantly improved. However, difficulties in obtaining accurate results can sometimes be observed in the staging of adenomas and early rectal carcinomas (pT1/2). The aim of this study was to test if confocal chromolaser endomicroscopy (cCLEM) can help minimize this diagnostic gap. METHODS: cCLEM generates optical transversal sections at x1,000 magnification and allows for evaluation of the mucosal microarchitecture and differentiation of normal mucosa from adenomas and carcinomas. Cases with conflicting preoperative findings (adenoma vs. > or =uT2 categories), undetectable tumors after inadequate (R1/RX) snare polypectomy of carcinomas, and extremely flat adenoma areas were studied. RESULTS: By cCLEM, in > or =uT2 carcinomas with an adenoma histology, malignoma-suspicious areas were identified and selected biopsies were done. In addition, re-epithelialized polypectomy areas of carcinomas were visualized and targeted reoperations could be carried out. Furthermore, the dignity and extension of extremely flat adenomas were determined and marked by clips for additional therapy. CONCLUSIONS: In cases with rectal tumors, conflicting or unclear findings, and flat extending adenomas, the utilization of cCLEM should be considered. Especially in cases with early rectal carcinomas, unnecessary second operations and also recurrences can be minimized or even avoided by selective usage of cCLEM.
Authors: W Schmiegel; A Reinacher-Schick; D Arnold; U Graeven; V Heinemann; R Porschen; J Riemann; C Rödel; R Sauer; M Wieser; W Schmitt; H-J Schmoll; T Seufferlein; I Kopp; C Pox Journal: Z Gastroenterol Date: 2008-08 Impact factor: 2.000
Authors: Ralf Kiesslich; Martin Goetz; Katharina Lammersdorf; Constantin Schneider; Juergen Burg; Manfred Stolte; Michael Vieth; Bernhard Nafe; Peter R Galle; Markus F Neurath Journal: Gastroenterology Date: 2007-01-31 Impact factor: 22.682
Authors: Gina Brown; Alex Kirkham; Geraint T Williams; Michael Bourne; Andrew G Radcliffe; Joanne Sayman; Richard Newell; Chummy Sinnatamby; Richard J Heald Journal: AJR Am J Roentgenol Date: 2004-02 Impact factor: 3.959
Authors: Ralf Kiesslich; Juergen Burg; Michael Vieth; Janina Gnaendiger; Meike Enders; Peter Delaney; Adrian Polglase; Wendy McLaren; Daniela Janell; Steven Thomas; Bernhard Nafe; Peter R Galle; Markus F Neurath Journal: Gastroenterology Date: 2004-09 Impact factor: 22.682