BACKGROUND: Adverse reactions to polyacrylamide gel occur as swellings or nodules, and controversy exists whether these are due to bacterial infection or an autoimmune reaction to the filler. OBJECTIVES: Biopsies from culture-negative long-lasting nodules after injection with different types of polyacrylamide gel were examined with a combination of Gram stain and fluorescence in situ hybridization. RESULTS: Bacteria were detected in biopsies from seven of eight patients. They inhabited gel and intervening tissue and tended to lie in aggregates. CONCLUSION: This study supports the assumption that infection with bacteria in aggregates causes culture-negative late adverse reactions to polyacrylamide gel, suggesting a biofilm environment.
BACKGROUND: Adverse reactions to polyacrylamide gel occur as swellings or nodules, and controversy exists whether these are due to bacterial infection or an autoimmune reaction to the filler. OBJECTIVES: Biopsies from culture-negative long-lasting nodules after injection with different types of polyacrylamide gel were examined with a combination of Gram stain and fluorescence in situ hybridization. RESULTS: Bacteria were detected in biopsies from seven of eight patients. They inhabited gel and intervening tissue and tended to lie in aggregates. CONCLUSION: This study supports the assumption that infection with bacteria in aggregates causes culture-negative late adverse reactions to polyacrylamide gel, suggesting a biofilm environment.
Authors: Ji Hoon Kim; Joon Seok Choi; Jeong Hwan Yun; Hong Kyu Kang; Jin Ok Baek; Joo Young Roh; Jong Rok Lee Journal: Ann Dermatol Date: 2015-03-24 Impact factor: 1.444
Authors: David C Flanigan; Joshua S Everhart; Alex C DiBartola; Devendra H Dusane; Moneer M Abouljoud; Robert A Magnussen; Christopher C Kaeding; Paul Stoodley Journal: Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc Date: 2019-02-27 Impact factor: 4.342
Authors: Lene Bay; Kasper N Kragh; Steffen R Eickhardt; Steen S Poulsen; Lise Mette R Gjerdrum; Khaled Ghathian; Henrik Calum; Magnus S Ågren; Thomas Bjarnsholt Journal: Adv Wound Care (New Rochelle) Date: 2018-04-01 Impact factor: 4.730