BACKGROUND: Epigenetic silencing of several wingless-type mouse mammary tumor virus integration site (Wnt) pathway-related genes has been reported in renal cancer. Except for the T-cell factor 4 gene TCF4, there are no reports regarding Wnt pathway gene polymorphisms in renal cancer. Therefore, the authors of this report hypothesized that the polymorphisms in Wnt signaling genes may be risk factors for renal cancer. METHODS: In total, 210 patients (145 men and 65 women) with pathologically confirmed renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and 200 age-matched and sex-matched control individuals were enrolled in this study. We genotyped 14 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 6 genes. including Dickkopf 2 (DKK2) (reference SNP identification number 17037102 [rs17037102], rs419558, and rs447372), DKK3 (rs3206824, rs11022095, rs1472189, rs7396187, and rs2291599), DKK4 (rs2073664), secreted frizzled-related protein 4 (sFRP4) (rs1802073 and rs1802074), mothers against decapentaplegic homolog (SMAD) family member 7 or SMAD7 (rs12953717), and disheveled associated activator of morphogenesis 2 or DAAM2 (rs6937133 and rs2504106) using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis and direct sequencing in the patients with RCC and in the healthy, age-matched control group. The relations also were tested between these polymorphisms and clinicopathologic data, including sex, tumor grade, tumor stage, lymph node involvement, distant metastasis, and overall survival. RESULTS: A significant decrease in the frequency of the guanine/adenine (G/A) + A/A genotypes in the DKK3 codon 335 rs3206824 was observed in the patients with RCC compared with the control group. The frequency of the rs3206824 (G/A) A-rs7396187 (guanine/cytosine [G/C]) C haplotype was significantly lower in patients with RCC compared with other haplotypes. In addition, DKK3 rs1472189 cytosine/thymine (C/T) was associated with distant metastasis, and, DKK2 rs17037102 G-homozygous patients had a decreased risk for death in multivariate Cox regression analysis. CONCLUSIONS: To the authors' knowledge, this is the first report documenting that DKK3 polymorphisms are associated with RCC and that the DKK2 rs17037102 polymorphism may be a predictor for survival in patients with RCC after radical nephrectomy. 2009 American Cancer Society.
BACKGROUND: Epigenetic silencing of several wingless-type mouse mammary tumor virus integration site (Wnt) pathway-related genes has been reported in renal cancer. Except for the T-cell factor 4 gene TCF4, there are no reports regarding Wnt pathway gene polymorphisms in renal cancer. Therefore, the authors of this report hypothesized that the polymorphisms in Wnt signaling genes may be risk factors for renal cancer. METHODS: In total, 210 patients (145 men and 65 women) with pathologically confirmed renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and 200 age-matched and sex-matched control individuals were enrolled in this study. We genotyped 14 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 6 genes. including Dickkopf 2 (DKK2) (reference SNP identification number 17037102 [rs17037102], rs419558, and rs447372), DKK3 (rs3206824, rs11022095, rs1472189, rs7396187, and rs2291599), DKK4 (rs2073664), secreted frizzled-related protein 4 (sFRP4) (rs1802073 and rs1802074), mothers against decapentaplegic homolog (SMAD) family member 7 or SMAD7 (rs12953717), and disheveled associated activator of morphogenesis 2 or DAAM2 (rs6937133 and rs2504106) using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis and direct sequencing in the patients with RCC and in the healthy, age-matched control group. The relations also were tested between these polymorphisms and clinicopathologic data, including sex, tumor grade, tumor stage, lymph node involvement, distant metastasis, and overall survival. RESULTS: A significant decrease in the frequency of the guanine/adenine (G/A) + A/A genotypes in the DKK3 codon 335 rs3206824 was observed in the patients with RCC compared with the control group. The frequency of the rs3206824 (G/A) A-rs7396187 (guanine/cytosine [G/C]) C haplotype was significantly lower in patients with RCC compared with other haplotypes. In addition, DKK3rs1472189cytosine/thymine (C/T) was associated with distant metastasis, and, DKK2rs17037102 G-homozygous patients had a decreased risk for death in multivariate Cox regression analysis. CONCLUSIONS: To the authors' knowledge, this is the first report documenting that DKK3 polymorphisms are associated with RCC and that the DKK2rs17037102 polymorphism may be a predictor for survival in patients with RCC after radical nephrectomy. 2009 American Cancer Society.
Authors: Jubao Duan; Mark S Wainwright; Josep M Comeron; Naruya Saitou; Alan R Sanders; Joel Gelernter; Pablo V Gejman Journal: Hum Mol Genet Date: 2003-02-01 Impact factor: 6.150
Authors: Lisa G Horvath; Susan M Henshall; James G Kench; Darren N Saunders; C-Soon Lee; David Golovsky; Phillip C Brenner; Gordon F O'Neill; Raji Kooner; Phillip D Stricker; John J Grygiel; Robert L Sutherland Journal: Clin Cancer Res Date: 2004-01-15 Impact factor: 12.531
Authors: Bingyu Mao; Wei Wu; Gary Davidson; Joachim Marhold; Mingfa Li; Bernard M Mechler; Hajo Delius; Dana Hoppe; Peter Stannek; Carmen Walter; Andrei Glinka; Christof Niehrs Journal: Nature Date: 2002-05-26 Impact factor: 49.962
Authors: Yanhong Liu; Christine M Lusk; Michael H Cho; Edwin K Silverman; Dandi Qiao; Ruyang Zhang; Michael E Scheurer; Farrah Kheradmand; David A Wheeler; Spiridon Tsavachidis; Georgina Armstrong; Dakai Zhu; Ignacio I Wistuba; Chi-Wan B Chow; Carmen Behrens; Claudio W Pikielny; Christine Neslund-Dudas; Susan M Pinney; Marshall Anderson; Elena Kupert; Joan Bailey-Wilson; Colette Gaba; Diptasri Mandal; Ming You; Mariza de Andrade; Ping Yang; John K Field; Triantafillos Liloglou; Michael Davies; Jolanta Lissowska; Beata Swiatkowska; David Zaridze; Anush Mukeriya; Vladimir Janout; Ivana Holcatova; Dana Mates; Sasa Milosavljevic; Ghislaine Scelo; Paul Brennan; James McKay; Geoffrey Liu; Rayjean J Hung; David C Christiani; Ann G Schwartz; Christopher I Amos; Margaret R Spitz Journal: J Thorac Oncol Date: 2018-07-04 Impact factor: 15.609