Horizontal transfer of transposable elements in plants.

The analysis of genomes suggests that horizontal transfers are frequent phenomena. In eukaryotes these transfers often involve transposable elements and can be detected by sequence analysis or phylogenetic reconstruction. Nevertheless, the dynamics of transposable elements and reticulation in species history, especially in plants, can sometimes be misleading. While the horizontal transfer of transposable elements is well documented in animals, only two cases have been described in plants despite the abundance of these elements in plant genomes. The study of horizontal transfers of transposable elements in plants represents a new challenge to understand their impact on genomic diversity and consequently on the process of adaptation to their environment.