Cladochytriales--a new order in Chytridiomycota.

Recently, molecular and ultrastructural analyses have resulted in revised phylogenetic hypotheses in the phylum Chytridiomycota. The order Chytridiales, once considered monophyletic, has been subdivided into several new orders. However, the most recent analyses indicate that the emended Chytridiales is also polyphyletic. One monophyletic lineage in Chytridiales includes Cladochytrium, Nowakowskiella, and five other genera. Many of the chytrids in this clade have often been observed growing on decaying plant tissue and other cellulosic substrates from aquatic habitats and moist soils. In this study we analysed combined nu-rRNA gene sequences (partial SSU and LSU) of 30 isolates from North American aquatic and soil samples. Based on molecular monophyly and zoospore ultrastructure, we designate this clade as a new order, Cladochytriales, which includes four families: Cladochytriaceae, Nowakowskiellaceae, Septochytriaceae fam. nov., and Endochytriaceae.