Binding of human glutaminyl-tRNA synthetase to a specific site of its mRNA.

The human glutaminyl-tRNA synthetase is able to bind to its own mRNA. The enzyme contains two binding regions. One is located in the central section of the enzyme which includes its most hydrophilic portion with ten lysine residues in a block of 20 amino acids. This part of the enzyme binds unspecifically to all RNA sequences tested. A second binding region is located in that part of the enzyme which shows high degrees of sequence similarities with the bacterial and yeast glutaminyl-tRNA synthetases, and which is most likely responsible for the charging of tRNA with glutamine. This second RNA binding region specifically interacts with a site in the 3' noncoding region of the synthetase's mRNA. The binding site in the mRNA is characterized by an extended secondary structure that includes elements of the 'identity set' of nucleotides recognized by the enzyme when interacting with tRNA. We discuss possible physiological implications of the interaction between glutaminyl-tRNA synthetase and its mRNA.