Ultrasound Contrast Agents in the Study of Kidney Function in Health and Disease.

Ultrasound contrast agents are gas filled microbubbles that enhance the ultrasound image. They behave similarly to red blood cells and cross all capillary beds; making contrast enhanced ultrasonography (CEU) a suitable technique to study vasculature and tissue blood flow. Ultrasound contrast agents have been found to be safe after intravenous injection. CEU has been used extensively in the field of cardiology. Currently, study of renal vasculature and renal blood flow requires complicated, time consuming and expensive techniques, which are not commonly used in clinical settings. CEU potentially may serve as a relatively noninvasive and safe technique for studying renal hemodynamics in health and disease. In this article we have reviewed the literature on the use of CEU in the study of kidney disease.