PURPOSE: Mechanical manipulation of cultured tendon cells can enhance cell proliferation and matrix production. This study aims to determine the bioreactor strain patterns (amplitude, frequency, and on/off ratio) that favor cellular proliferation, promote collagen production, and maintain morphology in candidate cell lines cultured for flexor tendon tissue engineering, including multipotent stromal cells. METHODS: We studied epitenon tenocytes (Es), sheath fibroblasts (Ss), bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs), and adipoderived stem cells (ASCs). We examined the effects of 3 patterns of cyclic uniaxial strain on cell proliferation, collagen I production, and cell morphology. RESULTS: Adipoderived stem cells (33% adhesion) and Ss (29%) adhered more strongly to bioreactor membranes than did Es (15%) and BMSCs (7%), p=.04. Continuous cyclic strain (CCS, 8%, 1 Hz) inhibited cell proliferation (p=.01) and increased per-cell collagen production (p=.04) in all cell types. Intermittent cyclic strain (4%, 0.1 Hz, 1 hour on/5 hours off) increased proliferation in ASCs (p=.06) and Ss (p=.04). Intermittent cyclic strain (4%, 0.1 Hz, 1 hour on/2 hours off) increased total collagen production by 25% in ASCs (p=.004) and 20% in Ss (p=.05). Cyclic strain resulted in cell alignment perpendicular to the strain axis, cytoskeletal alignment, and nuclear elongation. These morphological characteristics are similar to those of tenocytes. CONCLUSIONS: These results demonstrate that intermittent cyclic strain can increase cell proliferation, promote collagen I production, and maintain tenocyte morphology in vitro. Use of a cell bioreactor might accelerate the in vitro stage of tendon tissue engineering.
PURPOSE: Mechanical manipulation of cultured tendon cells can enhance cell proliferation and matrix production. This study aims to determine the bioreactor strain patterns (amplitude, frequency, and on/off ratio) that favor cellular proliferation, promote collagen production, and maintain morphology in candidate cell lines cultured for flexor tendon tissue engineering, including multipotent stromal cells. METHODS: We studied epitenon tenocytes (Es), sheath fibroblasts (Ss), bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs), and adipoderived stem cells (ASCs). We examined the effects of 3 patterns of cyclic uniaxial strain on cell proliferation, collagen I production, and cell morphology. RESULTS: Adipoderived stem cells (33% adhesion) and Ss (29%) adhered more strongly to bioreactor membranes than did Es (15%) and BMSCs (7%), p=.04. Continuous cyclic strain (CCS, 8%, 1 Hz) inhibited cell proliferation (p=.01) and increased per-cell collagen production (p=.04) in all cell types. Intermittent cyclic strain (4%, 0.1 Hz, 1 hour on/5 hours off) increased proliferation in ASCs (p=.06) and Ss (p=.04). Intermittent cyclic strain (4%, 0.1 Hz, 1 hour on/2 hours off) increased total collagen production by 25% in ASCs (p=.004) and 20% in Ss (p=.05). Cyclic strain resulted in cell alignment perpendicular to the strain axis, cytoskeletal alignment, and nuclear elongation. These morphological characteristics are similar to those of tenocytes. CONCLUSIONS: These results demonstrate that intermittent cyclic strain can increase cell proliferation, promote collagen I production, and maintain tenocyte morphology in vitro. Use of a cell bioreactor might accelerate the in vitro stage of tendon tissue engineering.
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