OBJECTIVE: We wanted to compare the clinical usefulness of conventional galactography and MR contrast galactography for diagnosing patients with nipple discharge. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Both conventional galactography and MR contrast galactography were performed prospectively in 16 patients. Gadopentate dimeglumine (0.1 ml) was mixed with non-ionic contrast medium (0.9 ml) to obtain a resultant volume of 1 ml and this was used for both examinations. Following conventional galactography, MR contrast galactography was performed after direct injection of contrast media into the duct. RESULTS: Conventional galactography and MR contrast galactography were concordant in 13 (81%) of 16 patients; the results were normal in five, ductal dilatation was noted in four and intraductal filling defects were noted in four. The remaining three (19%) patients demonstrated discordant findings on the two examinations. While conventional galactography revealed filling defects, the MR contrast galactography results were normal in two patients. The third patient had kinks-stricture on conventional galactography and MR contrast galactography showed ductal dilatation. This suggested there were false positive results for the three patients' conventional galactography, and all the three patients with discordant results underwent surgery and the histopathologic evaluation showed fibrocystic changes. CONCLUSION: MR contrast galactography may be used as an alternative imaging modality for making the diagnosis of pathologic nipple discharge. However, statistically supported studies with large pools of subjects for comparing the galactography and MR contrast galactography results are needed to confirm our findings.
OBJECTIVE: We wanted to compare the clinical usefulness of conventional galactography and MR contrast galactography for diagnosing patients with nipple discharge. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Both conventional galactography and MR contrast galactography were performed prospectively in 16 patients. Gadopentate dimeglumine (0.1 ml) was mixed with non-ionic contrast medium (0.9 ml) to obtain a resultant volume of 1 ml and this was used for both examinations. Following conventional galactography, MR contrast galactography was performed after direct injection of contrast media into the duct. RESULTS: Conventional galactography and MR contrast galactography were concordant in 13 (81%) of 16 patients; the results were normal in five, ductal dilatation was noted in four and intraductal filling defects were noted in four. The remaining three (19%) patients demonstrated discordant findings on the two examinations. While conventional galactography revealed filling defects, the MR contrast galactography results were normal in two patients. The third patient had kinks-stricture on conventional galactography and MR contrast galactography showed ductal dilatation. This suggested there were false positive results for the three patients' conventional galactography, and all the three patients with discordant results underwent surgery and the histopathologic evaluation showed fibrocystic changes. CONCLUSION: MR contrast galactography may be used as an alternative imaging modality for making the diagnosis of pathologic nipple discharge. However, statistically supported studies with large pools of subjects for comparing the galactography and MR contrast galactography results are needed to confirm our findings.
Authors: Francesco Sardanelli; Franca Podo; Giuliano D'Agnolo; Arduino Verdecchia; Mariano Santaquilani; Renato Musumeci; Giovanna Trecate; Siranoush Manoukian; Sandro Morassut; Clelia de Giacomi; Massimo Federico; Laura Cortesi; Stefano Corcione; Stefano Cirillo; Vincenzo Marra; Anna Cilotti; Cosimo Di Maggio; Alfonso Fausto; Lorenzo Preda; Chiara Zuiani; Alma Contegiacomo; Antonio Orlacchio; Massimo Calabrese; Lorenzo Bonomo; Ernesto Di Cesare; Maura Tonutti; Pietro Panizza; Alessandro Del Maschio Journal: Radiology Date: 2007-01-23 Impact factor: 11.105
Authors: R Gilles; J M Guinebretière; O Lucidarme; P Cluzel; G Janaud; J F Finet; A Tardivon; J Masselot; D Vanel Journal: Radiology Date: 1994-06 Impact factor: 11.105
Authors: Lucia Manganaro; Ilaria D'Ambrosio; Silvia Gigli; Francesca Di Pastena; Guglielmo Giraldi; Stefano Tardioli; Marialuisa Framarino; Lucio Maria Porfiri; Laura Ballesio Journal: Biomed Res Int Date: 2015-01-22 Impact factor: 3.411