Fluorescence characterization of denatured proteins.

Characterization of unfolded states, while critical to a complete understanding of protein folding, is inherently difficult due to structural heterogeneity and dynamic interchange between states. The growing body of work focusing on single molecule fluorescence techniques for the study of protein folding, also highlights their potential for studies of unfolded proteins. These methods can obtain conformational information about individual subpopulations of molecules in an ensemble, and measure dynamics without the need for synchronization. The studies highlighted here demonstrate the promise of these techniques for obtaining novel information about unfolded states in vitro and in more physiologically relevant milieu.