BACKGROUND: The association between lutein/zeaxanthin intake and age-related macular degeneration (AMD) risk may differ by smoking status, vitamin C and E intakes, and body fatness. OBJECTIVE: The objective was to evaluate the association between lutein/zeaxanthin intake and AMD risk by smoking status, intake of antioxidant vitamins, and body fatness. DESIGN: We conducted a prospective follow-up study of 71 494 women and 41 564 men aged >or=50 y and had no diagnosis of AMD or cancer. Diet was assessed with a validated semiquantitative food-frequency questionnaire. RESULTS: During up to 18 y of follow-up, we documented 673 incident cases of early AMD and 442 incident cases of neovascular AMD with a visual loss of 20/30 or worse due primarily to AMD. Lutein/zeaxanthin intake was not associated with the risk of self-reported early AMD. There was a statistically nonsignificant and nonlinear inverse association between lutein/zeaxanthin intake and neovascular AMD risk; the pooled multivariate relative risks for increasing quintiles of intake were 1.00 (referent), 0.80, 0.84, 0.97, and 0.72 (95% CI: 0.53, 0.99) (P for trend = 0.14). For early AMD, the association with lutein/zeaxanthin intake did not vary by smoking status, intakes of vitamins C and E, or body mass index. For neovascular AMD, a nonlinear inverse association was found among never smokers. CONCLUSIONS: These data do not support a protective role of lutein/zeaxanthin intake on risk of self-reported early AMD. The suggestion of inverse associations related to the risk of neovascular AMD needs to be examined further.
BACKGROUND: The association between lutein/zeaxanthin intake and age-related macular degeneration (AMD) risk may differ by smoking status, vitamin C and E intakes, and body fatness. OBJECTIVE: The objective was to evaluate the association between lutein/zeaxanthin intake and AMD risk by smoking status, intake of antioxidant vitamins, and body fatness. DESIGN: We conducted a prospective follow-up study of 71 494 women and 41 564 men aged >or=50 y and had no diagnosis of AMD or cancer. Diet was assessed with a validated semiquantitative food-frequency questionnaire. RESULTS: During up to 18 y of follow-up, we documented 673 incident cases of early AMD and 442 incident cases of neovascular AMD with a visual loss of 20/30 or worse due primarily to AMD. Lutein/zeaxanthin intake was not associated with the risk of self-reported early AMD. There was a statistically nonsignificant and nonlinear inverse association between lutein/zeaxanthin intake and neovascular AMD risk; the pooled multivariate relative risks for increasing quintiles of intake were 1.00 (referent), 0.80, 0.84, 0.97, and 0.72 (95% CI: 0.53, 0.99) (P for trend = 0.14). For early AMD, the association with lutein/zeaxanthin intake did not vary by smoking status, intakes of vitamins C and E, or body mass index. For neovascular AMD, a nonlinear inverse association was found among never smokers. CONCLUSIONS: These data do not support a protective role of lutein/zeaxanthin intake on risk of self-reported early AMD. The suggestion of inverse associations related to the risk of neovascular AMD needs to be examined further.
Authors: T T Berendschot; R A Goldbohm; W A Klöpping; J van de Kraats; J van Norel; D van Norren Journal: Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci Date: 2000-10 Impact factor: 4.799
Authors: E J Johnson; B R Hammond; K J Yeum; J Qin; X D Wang; C Castaneda; D M Snodderly; R M Russell Journal: Am J Clin Nutr Date: 2000-06 Impact factor: 7.045
Authors: Henry Lin; Julie A Mares; Michael J LaMonte; William E Brady; Michelle W Sahli; Ronald Klein; Barbara E K Klein; Jing Nie; Amy E Millen Journal: Ophthalmic Epidemiol Date: 2017-03-23 Impact factor: 1.648
Authors: Kristin J Meyers; Julie A Mares; Robert P Igo; Barbara Truitt; Zhe Liu; Amy E Millen; Michael Klein; Elizabeth J Johnson; Corinne D Engelman; Chitra K Karki; Barbara Blodi; Karen Gehrs; Lesley Tinker; Robert Wallace; Jennifer Robinson; Erin S LeBlanc; Gloria Sarto; Paul S Bernstein; John Paul SanGiovanni; Sudha K Iyengar Journal: Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci Date: 2014-01-29 Impact factor: 4.799