Liposomes in ultrasonic drug and gene delivery.

Liposome-based drug and gene delivery systems have potential for significant roles in a variety of therapeutic applications. Recently, liposomes have been used to entrap gas and drugs for ultrasound-controlled drug release and ultrasound-enhanced drug delivery. Echogenic liposomes have been produced by different preparation methods, including lyophilization, pressurization, and biotin-avidin binding. Presently, significant in vivo applications of liposomal ultrasound-based drug and gene delivery are being made in cardiac disease, stroke and tumor therapy. Translation of these vehicles into the clinic will require a better understanding of improved physical properties to avoid rapid clearance, as well as of possible side effects, including those of the ultrasound. The aim of this review is to provide orientation for new researchers in the area of ultrasound-enhanced liposome drug and gene delivery.