The influence of the cylindrical shape of the nucleosomes and H1 defects on properties of chromatin.

We present a model improving the two-angle model for interphase chromatin (E2A model). This model takes into account the cylindrical shape of the histone octamers, the H1 histones in front of the nucleosomes, and the distance d between the in and outgoing DNA strands orthogonal to the axis of the corresponding nucleosome cylinder. Factoring these chromatin features in, one gets essential changes in the chromatin phase diagram: Not only the shape of the excluded-volume borderline changes but also the orthogonal distance d has a dramatic influence on the forbidden area. Furthermore, we examined the influence of H1 defects on the properties of the chromatin fiber. Thus, we present two possible strategies for chromatin compaction: The use of very dense states in the phase diagram in the gaps in the excluded-volume, borderline, or missing H1 histones can lead to very compact fibers. The chromatin fiber might use both of these mechanisms to compact itself at least locally. Line densities computed within the model coincident with the experimental values.