OBJECTIVE: To analyze the characteristics related to individual vulnerability among HIV seropositive women, according to skin color. METHODS: A multicenter study carried out between 1999 and 2000 in health services specialized in STI/Aids in the state of São Paulo, involving 1,068 women living with HIV who are aged 18 or above. Sociodemographic data and characteristics relating to infection and healthcare were obtained by means of individual interviews based on standardized questionnaire. The variable race/color was self-reported and women who referred to themselves as black or mixed-race were grouped together as black. The definition of variables by race/color was done using central tendency and proportions, and an association analysis using the chi2 Pearson test. RESULTS: The differences between black and non-black women were statistically significant with regards to: schooling; monthly, individual and family income per capita; number of direct dependents; opportunities to see a nutritionist, gynecologist or other medical professional; understanding what the infectologist said; speaking with the infectologist or gynecologist about her sex life; having correct knowledge about CD4 exams and viral load; the sexual means of exposure. CONCLUSIONS: The use of race/color as an analytical category provides opportunities to understand better how social interactions, in the context of gender and socioeconomic conditions, create and recreate disadvantages for black women and their exposure to health risks, and also impose limits on the way they use of resources for their healthcare.
OBJECTIVE: To analyze the characteristics related to individual vulnerability among HIV seropositive women, according to skin color. METHODS: A multicenter study carried out between 1999 and 2000 in health services specialized in STI/Aids in the state of São Paulo, involving 1,068 women living with HIV who are aged 18 or above. Sociodemographic data and characteristics relating to infection and healthcare were obtained by means of individual interviews based on standardized questionnaire. The variable race/color was self-reported and women who referred to themselves as black or mixed-race were grouped together as black. The definition of variables by race/color was done using central tendency and proportions, and an association analysis using the chi2 Pearson test. RESULTS: The differences between black and non-black women were statistically significant with regards to: schooling; monthly, individual and family income per capita; number of direct dependents; opportunities to see a nutritionist, gynecologist or other medical professional; understanding what the infectologist said; speaking with the infectologist or gynecologist about her sex life; having correct knowledge about CD4 exams and viral load; the sexual means of exposure. CONCLUSIONS: The use of race/color as an analytical category provides opportunities to understand better how social interactions, in the context of gender and socioeconomic conditions, create and recreate disadvantages for black women and their exposure to health risks, and also impose limits on the way they use of resources for their healthcare.
Authors: Zelma B Costa; Gustavo C Machado; Mariza M Avelino; Clidenor Gomes Filho; Jose V Macedo Filho; Ana L Minuzzi; Marilia D Turchi; Mariane M A Stefani; Wayner Vieira de Souza; Celina Mt Martelli Journal: BMC Infect Dis Date: 2009-07-27 Impact factor: 3.090
Authors: Marli Teresinha Cassamassimo Duarte; Cristina Maria Garcia de Lima Parada; Lenice do Rosário de Souza Journal: Rev Lat Am Enfermagem Date: 2014 Jan-Feb
Authors: Robert J Wozniak; Natalia B Cerqueira; Maria Candida S Dantas; Bianca Mahafe; Daniel A C Barros; Edmilson Alves de Medeiros; Ana Carolina Soares de Oliveira; Thiago Sabino; Albert Roggenbuck; Vivian Iida Avelino-Silva; Carrie D Johnston; Jez L Marston; Sebastian C Bidegain; Manya Magnus; Esper G Kallas; Douglas F Nixon; Camila S Donini Journal: BMJ Open Date: 2020-11-11 Impact factor: 2.692