Guido W Grimm1, Thomas Denk. 1. Institute of Geosciences, Eberhard-Karls-University, Sigwart Strasse 10, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Platanaceae is an old family of angiosperms extending back to the Early Cretaceous but consisting of a single extant genus, Platanus. Species of Platanus have long been known to hybridize, and the London plane, Platanus x hispanica, is a well-known example of a hybrid species that formed in historical times. In addition, morphological studies have suggested past interspecific or interlineage hybridization and reticulation as possibly important factors in the evolution of the genus. This study aims at unravelling the complex evolutionary information contained in internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences. METHODS: The ITS of the 35S nuclear ribosomal DNA are biparentally inherited, multi-copy markers with a high potential for resolving intrageneric relationships especially when ancient hybridization (reticulation) is involved. Phylogenetic trees, splits graphs and motif analysis are used to extract phylogenetic information from 223 cloned ITS sequences, representing ten species and varieties of Platanus. Non-pseudogenous and pseudogenous sequence motives are assessed to explain how different evolutionary modes contribute to possibly conflicting character state patterns in the ITS. KEY RESULTS: It was found that putative non-functional ITS copies ('pseudogenes') form distinct groups in phylograms and splits graphs, and that pseudogenous lineages reflect ancient hybridization events conserved in the ITS. Specifically, pseudogenous clones of an 'Atlantic' North American clade share sequence motives with non-pseudogenous clones of the western ('Pacific') North American P. racemosa species aggregate. In addition, evidence was found for recent lateral gene flow as a possible factor in the evolution of the central Mexican P. rzedowskii. CONCLUSIONS: Broad ITS data sets that cover intra- and interindividual variability reveal past and ongoing speciation processes in Platanus. Evolutionary pathways can be visualized with splits graphs, but not with bifurcating trees.
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Platanaceae is an old family of angiosperms extending back to the Early Cretaceous but consisting of a single extant genus, Platanus. Species of Platanus have long been known to hybridize, and the London plane, Platanus x hispanica, is a well-known example of a hybrid species that formed in historical times. In addition, morphological studies have suggested past interspecific or interlineage hybridization and reticulation as possibly important factors in the evolution of the genus. This study aims at unravelling the complex evolutionary information contained in internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences. METHODS: The ITS of the 35S nuclear ribosomal DNA are biparentally inherited, multi-copy markers with a high potential for resolving intrageneric relationships especially when ancient hybridization (reticulation) is involved. Phylogenetic trees, splits graphs and motif analysis are used to extract phylogenetic information from 223 cloned ITS sequences, representing ten species and varieties of Platanus. Non-pseudogenous and pseudogenous sequence motives are assessed to explain how different evolutionary modes contribute to possibly conflicting character state patterns in the ITS. KEY RESULTS: It was found that putative non-functional ITS copies ('pseudogenes') form distinct groups in phylograms and splits graphs, and that pseudogenous lineages reflect ancient hybridization events conserved in the ITS. Specifically, pseudogenous clones of an 'Atlantic' North American clade share sequence motives with non-pseudogenous clones of the western ('Pacific') North American P. racemosa species aggregate. In addition, evidence was found for recent lateral gene flow as a possible factor in the evolution of the central Mexican P. rzedowskii. CONCLUSIONS: Broad ITS data sets that cover intra- and interindividual variability reveal past and ongoing speciation processes in Platanus. Evolutionary pathways can be visualized with splits graphs, but not with bifurcating trees.
Authors: Olga De Castro; Antonietta Di Maio; José Armando Lozada García; Danilo Piacenti; Mario Vázquez-Torres; Paolo De Luca Journal: Ann Bot Date: 2013-06-24 Impact factor: 4.357
Authors: Simone Cardoni; Roberta Piredda; Thomas Denk; Guido W Grimm; Aristotelis C Papageorgiou; Ernst-Detlef Schulze; Anna Scoppola; Parvin Salehi Shanjani; Yoshihisa Suyama; Nobuhiro Tomaru; James R P Worth; Marco Cosimo Simeone Journal: Plant J Date: 2021-11-29 Impact factor: 7.091