Spectral, intensive, and temporal factors influencing overshoot.

Threshold was measured for a 10-msec, 4.0-kHz signal presented near the onset or in the temporal centre of a 400-msec noise masker. Overshoot, the difference (in dB) between these two thresholds, was seen only for masker bandwidths wider than a critical band. The threshold near masker onset, and hence overshoot, could be reduced by the presence of an additional noise that was presented continuously or gated on and off prior to masker onset. The spectral, intensive, and temporal properties of this effect were studied. When the additional noise was continuous and either bandpass filtered with a variable bandwidth or notch filtered with a variable notchwidth, the results indicated that energy both near and remote from the signal frequency contributed to the reduction in overshoot. The effect of this additional noise was highly dependent upon its relative level. When the additional noise was 400 msec in duration and the delay between its offset and the onset of the masker was varied, overshoot "recovered" to its maximum value within about 50 msec. Finally, as the duration of the additional noise was varied from 3 to 400 msec while the time between its offset and masker onset was fixed, the reduction in overshoot was virtually complete for durations of about 25-50 msec. The results are consistent with the notion that overshoot at least partly reflects peripheral adaptation, and that this adaptation is not restricted to the signal frequency channel but, rather, extends in both directions over several channels.