Prevalence & spectrum of congenital malformations in a prospective study at a teaching hospital.

A prospective survey for congenital malformations at birth, at a teaching hospital, over a period of two and half years on 9405 consecutive single births has shown that prevalence of major congenital malformations in live births was 1.6 per cent and in still births 16.4 per cent. There was no significant difference in the prevalence of congenital malformations between Hindus (2.0%) and Muslims (2.7%) but amongst Muslims with consanguinity the prevalence of congenital malformation was 4.6 per cent compared to 2.3 per cent in non-consanguineous Muslim spouses (P less than 0.05). Open neural tube defect was the single most common anomaly (31.7% of all malformations) occurring at a rate of 4.7 per 1000 single births, with equal prevalence of anencephaly and meningomyelocoele. Case control study showed that history of concomitant medical illness, drug intake during the first trimester, threatened abortion, hydramnios and pre-eclamptic toxaemia in the current pregnancy were significantly associated with the occurrence of congenital malformations.